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| Frage | Antworten |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| Allele | different form/variation of the same gene |
| Phenotype | observable characteristic of an individual; the way the genotype is expressed |
| Genotype | the genetic code/information of an individual |
| Homozygous | identical alleles or chromosomes |
| Heterozygous | different alleles or chromosomes |
| Trait | a feature of a person |
| Complete dominance | the dominant allele covers up the expression of a recessive allele |
| Incomplete Dominance | the heterozygous individual results from a blending of two alleles |
| Sex-Linked Inheritance | The gene is carried on the X or Y chromosome |
| Complementary base pairing | the bases that can join to form the rungs of a DNA ladder |
| Mitosis | produces two new (daughter) cells that are identical to the starting (parent) cell. This type is involved in growth and repair of the body. |
| meiosis | produces eggs and sperm (gametes) that have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. (Only in testes and ovaries) |
| Daughter | new cell |
| Parent cell | starting cell |
| cell division | is mitosis and meiosis |
| Recombination/crossing over | when DNA is exchanged between two identical or similar DNA molecules during prophase 1 of meiosis |
| Chromosome | a long thin strand of DNA that is coiled tightly around a protein, containing genetic material in the form of genes |
| gene | a single section of a long strand of DNA |
| Nucleotide | subunits or building blocks of DNA, contains a deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group or a nitrogenous base |
| Karyotype | a picture of the chromosomes an individual has |
| Selective pressure | a factor that influences/acts on the population |
| Biodiversity | number and range of different species that exist, either on Earth or in any of Earth’s ecosystems |
| Natural Selection | the process where an environmental factor acts on a population and results in some organisms having more offspring than others |
| evolution | the change in characteristics of a species over many generations |
| species | a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring under natural conditions |
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