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| Frage | Antworten |
| Sensory Memory | Storage system in memory that holds information in an unprocessed form for a fraction of a second after the physical stimulus is no longer present. |
| Short Term Memory | Stores information about events in the present or immediate past for short periods of time. |
| Long Term Memory | Unlimited capacity system for storing information about events in the more distant past for long periods of time. |
| Encoding | The way information is encoded and stored in memory to be processed by the memory system. |
| Capacity | How much information can be held in the memory. |
| Duration | How long a memory lasts before it is no longer available. |
| Capacity, duration and encoding form in the short term memory. | Capacity = 7 +/- 2 items (Miller) Duration = 15-30 seconds Encoding: Mainly Acoustic |
| Capacity, duration and encoding form in the long term memory. | Capacity = Potentially Unlimited Duration = Up to a Lifetime Encoding = Mainly Semantic |
| Peterson and Peterson | Tested how long STM lasts when rehearsal is prevented. Participants were shown a consonant trigram and asked to count backwards in 3's to prevent rehearsal. They were asked to recall them after intervals of 3,6,9,12,15 or 18 seconds. 80% of trigrams were recalled after 3 seconds and progressively less recalled when the intervals lengthened. |
| Baddeley et al | Attempted to demonstrate that pronunciation time rather than number of items recalled determines the capacity of STM. Participants were presented with 5 words on a screen and immediately after asked to write them down in serial order. Found patients could remember more short words than long and as many words as they could articulate in 2 seconds. |
| Baddeley (Encoding in STM) | Explored the effects of acoustic and semantic encoding in the STM. Participants heard a list of 5 words drawn from one of 4 categories ( acoustically similar/dissimilar and semantically similar/dissimilar) and immediately after asked to recall in correct order. Found acoustically similar words harder to recall - STM relies more on the sound of words than their meaning. |
| Shepard 1967 (Duration of LTM) | Showed participants 612 memorable pictures then one hour later showed them again amongst new pictures. Found 97% accuracy 1 hour later and 50% accuracy 4 months later. Suggests long term memories can be long lasting. |
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