adolescent development midterm

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3 chief manifestations of puberty	1.) growth spurt resulting in height and weight gain 2.) development of primary sex characteristics which causes hormone changes causing secondary changes 3.) development of secondary sex characteristics like pubic hair, voice changing, etc.
puberty and the puberty alarm	puberty- all the physical changes that the body goes through after the changes in primary sex characteristics hormonal feedback loop- knowing how and when to release certain hormones when they dip too low
biological and environmental factors that effect puberty	1.) biologically predisposed to go through it at a certain time 2.) kisspeptin 3.) sexual or physical abuse or trauma 4.) diet or wight 5.) artificial light
changes in sleep pattern	delayed phase preference- rise in melatonin (which makes you tired) later in the night so adolescents go to sleep later and wake up later sleep cycle shifts
advantages and disadvantages to early maturation	1.) self image can change behavior 2.) unwanted attention from others due to body developing 3.) bullying or ridicule 4.) feel older so may want to spend time with older peers
five changes in cognition	1.) thinking about possibilities - reality is only one of many possibilities unlike children 2.) thinking about abstract concepts - ability to think about things like honesty, fairness, friendships, etc. 3.) metacognition (thinking about thinking) - think about their own thought process 4.) thinking in multiple dimensions - they consider the same situation from a multitude of aspects 5.) adolescent relativism - no longer see things in black and white terms and constantly question things
piagetan theory	develop in four stages 1.) sensorimotor 2.) pre operational 3.) concrete operations 4.) formal operations other people usually don't see development as happening in such concrete stages there is overlap
change in brain structure and funtion	- size of a brain is full grown very early on - plasticity which is the second period of malliability the brain goes through - synapses are pruned and unnecessary ones are gotten rid of -prefrontal cortex controls planning, thinking ahead, weighing risks and rewards and controlling impulses -mylenation
social cognition categories	1.) theory of mind -adolescents can better understand what other people might be thinking 2.) thinking about social relationships - excluding others because they think they might not fit in well -questioning relationships with their parents 3.) understanding social conventions -thinking about social norms you might never have thought about as a child 4.) concepts of civil liberties, laws and rights - adolescents believe there should be no restriction on certain liberties such as speech and religion
decision making theory and risk taking	the steps adolescents take in order to make decisions are the same as adults but they place more weight on certain areas of a decision than adults would - peer pressure - high reward center
social redefinition	-the process through which an individual’s position or status is redefined by society -it can happen at different times in different cultures but the process is universal -alters roles in society -may happen when adolescents hit certain milestones
emerging adulthood	- not universal -usually only takes place when parents can continue to support child financially -values and priorities make some adolescents want to spend time figuring things out before they make the leap to adulthood -personal choice
elongation of adolescence	- being financially reliant on parents despite feeling like an adult - putting off marriage - lengthening of schooling - exploring identities - work instability -living situation
affects of poverty on emerging adulthood	most people living in poverty or below the middle class line can not afford to support their children in the transition from adolescence to adulthood so they are forced, as a result, to skip the emerging adulthood stage and go straight to adulthood
stereotypes of difficult teens true or false? relationships with parents bad?	- false and the stereotype is widely exaggerated - teens and parents usually share the same values and core belief systems -the fight about superficial things like clothing, friends, music, boys, etc.
midlife crisis	- does not usually have to do with adolescent children but usually occurs at the same time - increased concerns about bodies - possibilities for change are limited - mental health is worse with a teen in the home - leaving for college could result in empty nest syndrome
four parenting styles	1.) authoritarian- high demandingness low responsiveness 2.) authoritative- high demandingness high responsiveness (best) 3.) permissive- low demandingness high responsiveness 4.) neglectful- low demandingness low responsiveness
behavioral genetics	- shared environmental influence- children who share a similar environment regardless of their behavioral genetics result in a similar character - non shared environmental influence- more of an influence - some traits of behavior are inherited but they might not always appear because environment dictates if the traits they inherit are actualized - anger -intelligence - emotional distress/depression
cliques	- between 2-12 individuals - generally same age and same sex - shared interests - provide the main setting for those who are a part of the clique to see each other and interact - good for socialization
groups	- do not provide the space itself for teens to interact with one another at an intimate level like a clique - three main purposes: 1.) locate adolescents within a social structure at school 2.) channel them towards some peers and away from others 3.) provide context to reward certain behaviors and stay away from others - based on reputation and stereotype
forms of popularity	1.) sociometric popularity - how well someone is liked 2.) perceived popularity - how well off someone is determines their social status - for one you can just have good social skills and end up being well liked but for the other you could gain status by getting a boyfriend or something like that

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adolescent development midterm

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	Erstellt von Emma Chiaravalli vor etwa 5 Jahre