Emotions & Motivation

Frage	Antworten
Emotions	Def ~ positive or negative feeling states Consists of: cognitive, physiological & behavioural reaction patterns
Arousal System	Signal importance & help direct our attention
What do negative emotions do?	Narrow attention = increase physiological activation ex. fear & anger
What do positive emotions do?	Help form lasting relationships; broaden thinking = exploration & skill learning
4 Features of Emotions	1. Eliciting stimuli response 2. Cognitive appraisal of stimuli 3. Body responds physiologically to appraisal 4. Behavioural tendencies including expressive behaviour
Hypothalamus function	Regulates basic biological needs Ex. hunger, thirst, temperature control
Amygdala function	Controls physiological & behavioural component of emotional responses Ex. Fear & Anger
Hippocampus function	Limbic system structure involved in learning & memory; Destruction or stimulation of limbic structures = aggression
Cerebral Cortex function	Allowing cognitive appraisals of emotions; prefrontal cortex = ability to regulate emotion
Dual Pathway of Emotion (LeDoux)	Thalamus sends sensory input to 2 pathways: 1. Amygdala - emotional & behavioural reaction before cortex responds 2. Cerebral Cortex - conscious interpretation - which explains why people feel emotional without understanding why
James-Lange Theory	Perceiving a stimulus causes autonomic arousal + bodily actions that lead to experience of specific emotion Ex. Fearful because we tremble/runaway Event -> Arousal -> Interpretation -> Emotion
Cannon-Bard Theory	Physiological reactions did not precede emotions; arousal + the experience of emotion Event -> Arousal -> Emotion
Two Factor Theory	Appraisal of arousal then discovering what emotion it is - cognitive labels come into action when we associate arousal to emotion - then emotion is conscious. Event -> Arousal -> Cognitive Label -> Emotion
Emotion & Motivation	Emotions and Motivation are linked - react when goals are gratified, threatened, or frustrated; emotional reactions = strong when experience is pertinent to goals that are important to us (Richard Lazarus 2006)
Motivation	Process that influences direction, persistence, & vigour of goal-directed behaviour
Extrinsic Motivation	Performing activity to obtain external reward or avoid punishment
Intrinsic Motivation	Performing activity for own sake; (joy or fulfillment)
Adaptive Significance	Motivated to engage in behaviours that promote survival advantages
Homeostasis	Internal physiological equilibrium that the body strives to maintain; requires sensory mechanism, response system, & control centre
Drive Theory	Physiological disruptions to homeostasis = drive production; "pushes" organism into action
Incentives	Stimuli that "pulls" organism toward goal
Expectancy x Value Theory	Motivation = Expectancy x Incentive value; Behaviour determined by: 1) strength of expectation that behaviour = goal ; and 2) incentive value that person places on goal
Psychodynamic Perspective	Unconscious motives affect behaviour; Frued emphasized sexual & aggressive motives - Many theorists criticized, however, contributed to self-esteem & social belonging
Humanistic Perspective	As needs are met = progress to full potential
What needs must be fulfilled first before going forward?	Deficiency Needs
What needs come second before self-actualization?	Growth Needs
What are Deficiency needs?	Foundation of need hierarchy
Order of Need Hierarchy ( Bottom to Top)	1. Physiological Needs 2. Safety Needs 3. Belongingness & Love 4. Esteem Needs 5. Cognitive Needs 6. Aesthetic Needs 7. Self-Actualization (GOAL)
Achievement Goal Theory	Focuses on the manner in which success is defined both by the individual and within the achievement situation itself
Mastery Orientation	'intrinsic motivation' - desire to master tasks and learn from it
Performance Orientation	Desire to be judged favourably compared to others; with little effort to be done as possible
Approach-Approach Confict	Deciding between two attractive goals ; when one goal is approached, desirability increases and dominates Ex. Pizza vs. Hamburger
Avoidance-Avoidance Conflict	Two goals - both which are negative Ex. Person that does not life veggies - must choose between Broccoli or Beans
Approach-Avoidance Conflict	Being repelled & attracted by same goal; most difficult to solve Ex. I love candy but do not want a cavity
Defensive Avoidance	Procrastination and avoidance of decision Ex. Studying
Delay Disocunting	Consequences are in future; further away in time = greater decrease in value

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	Erstellt von Elena Oliva vor fast 5 Jahre