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Erstellt von Bill O'Donnell
vor mehr als 9 Jahre
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Frage | Antworten |
3 problems facing surgeons in 1845 | Pain, infection and blood loss |
what is an anaesthetic? | Something that kills pain |
What is an antiseptic | Something that kills infection |
Discovered by James Simpson | Chloroform |
3 reasons why chloroform was opposed | Took time, moral opposition, religious opposition |
Who helped chloroform be accepted | Queen Victoria |
Main skill of surgeons pre 1845 | Speed |
Problem with using ether as a anaesthetic | irritated the lungs |
Reason why Hannah Greener died | Over dose of chloroform |
What was the Black period | period following the introduction of chloroform which led to longer and more complicated surgery |
The person who came up with Germ theory | Louis pasteur |
First surgeon to highlight the need for cleanliness | Ignaz Semmelweiss |
He introduce antiseptic surgery | Joseph Lister |
What Lister used as an antiseptic | Carbolic spray |
Key reason why Lister's methods did not always work | Instructions were not always followed carefully. |
Reasons for opposition to carbolic spray | took time, cracked skin, irritated lungs, failed to work due to instructions not being followed, Germ theory was not accepted by many surgeons |
Main reason why blood transfusions failed | No knowledge of blood groups |
What does Aseptic surgery involve | Germ free |
What does germ free surgery involve | From 1887 instruments were steam sterilised and theatres were rigorously cleaned. 1894 sterilised rubber gloves were worn |
karl Landsteiner | discovered blood groups in 1901 |
Wilhelm Rontgen | invented Xray 1895 |
problems caused by World War 1 | Dirty conditions led to infection 14,000 doctors were taken away from normal work |
Used to find shrapnel wounds | Xray |
Consequence of millions of wounded | new methods for repairing broken bones and skin grafting, which would lead to plastic surgery |
Used to improve blood transfusions | Sodium citrate |
What makes a source useful | relevance and reliability |
reliability strengths | Author known, purpose known, content is balanced, Well researched e.g. historian |
reliability weaknesses | Author not known Biased mainly opinion Not supported by own knowledge or other sources |
Cross reference | Compare different sources point out similarities and differences |
Inference | Something you can work out from a source and support from the details of the source |
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