AQA GCSE Sociology- Unit 2

Frage	Antworten
Agents of Social Control	Groups and organisations in society that control or constrain people's behaviour and actions such as the police
Anti-social behaviour	Behaviour that causes harassment, distress or alarm to other people
Chivalry Thesis	The idea that women are given preferential treatment by the criminal justice system due to their femininity
Community Service	A punishment which involves doing a service for the community, such as clearing parkland
Computer Crime	Crime that takes place using a computer, such as fraud.
Conformity	Doing what is expected of you within society
Corporate Crime	Crimes committed by employees on behalf of the company or organisation they work for. Such as creating unsafe goods.
Crime Rate	The amount of crime that has been measured within a certain area over a period of time.
Dark Figure of Crime	Crime that takes place, but is not recorded in official statistics as it is has not been reported or recorded.
Deviance	Behaviour that goes against the norms and values of society. Such as speaking with your mouth full.
Formal Rules	Formal rules are rules that are written down, for example laws or codes of conduct.
Informal Rules	Rules that are not written, but are seen as guidelines as how we should behave in society. Such as not swearing in the workplace.
Formal Social Control	Control of peoples behaviour based on written laws and rules. They are associated with the ways the state controls our behaviour. Agencies include the police force and prisons.
Identity Theft	The fraudulent practice of using another person's name and personal information in order to obtain credit, loans etc.
Indictable Offence	An offence for which you can be charged.
Judicary	The Judicial authorities of a country such as judges.
Labelling	The process of attaching a characteristic or definition to an individual or group
Master Status	The status of greatest importance in a particular person's life. A common master status is a persons occupation e.g. teacher
Official Crime Statistics	Official crime statistics are statistics that have been recorded and published by government agencies.
Recorded Crime	The crime that has been recorded by the police. Not all reported crime is recorded.
Relative Deprivation	Feeling deprived compared to others in society.
Scapegoat	A person who is blamed for wrongdoings, mistakes or the faults of others.
Self-report study	A study in which respondents answer questions about whether they have been victims of crime.
Social Control	The processes by which individuals are encouraged to conform to the rules. They involve sanctions or bad reactions that aim to stop people from doing deviant acts.
Social Construct	The idea that society groups people and creates the rules. For example by deciding what disability is.
Social Order	Social order occurs when society is stable, ordered and runs smoothly without disruption.
Stereotypes	Fixed, standardised and distorted views of the characteristics of particular groups such as women. Stereotypes are often based on prejudice.
Sub-culture	A cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests that differ from those of the larger culture.
Surveillance	Being watched by others which might change the behaviour of individuals or groups. Such as CCTV.
Victim Surveys	Household based studies which ask respondents about their experiences of crime, whether they have been victims of particular offences during a specified times period such as the last year and, if so, whether they reported the crimes to the police.
White-collar crime	This refers broadly to crimes committed by people in relatively high-status positions, such as accountants, doctors and solicitors, during their work. E.g. fiddling expenses.
Alienated	To make someone feel isolated or estranged
Aristocracy	The highest class in societies. Typically comprising of those of noble birth.
Charismatic Authority	Obedience based on an individual's charisma or extraordinary personal qualities.
Citizen	Members of a state who have full legal rights (e.g. to vote) and responsibilities (e.g. to respect the law)
Class de-alignment	The weakening of the links between social class and voting behaviour
Class Alignment	The idea that people vote for a party depending upon their class.
Coercion	Obedience based on the use of force
Conservatives	Traditionally a right wing political party that favours tradition and expect people to be meritocratic.
Constituency	A specific area in which the constituents elect an MP to represent them in parliament
Democracy	Government by the people
Dictatorship	A government where one person makes all the rules or decisions
Direct Action	The use of strikes, demonstrations or other forms of protest. This is instead of negotiating with those in power.
Discrimination	Less favourable or unfair treatment based, for example on an individual's gender, ethnicity or age.
Elections	A formal organised choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position.
Electorate	Those eligible to vote
Elite	The top class in society who tend to be at an advantage and have high social, cultural and economic capital.
Ideology	A system of ideas and ideals that form the basis of a political theory or policy.
Legal Rational Authority	Authority in which obedience is based on an individual or group's position in an organisation
Legislative Process	The steps required for laws to move through the system from an idea to a law.
Member of Parliament	The representative of the voters to a parliament.
Monarchy	Royalty
Neo-liberalism	The idea that the government should adopt a laissez-faire approach and allow the private sector to have a larger role.
Political Party	An organised group of people with similar political aims and opinions.
Political Socialisation	The process by which people form their ideas about politics and acquire political values. Family, education and the media all play a role.
Privatisation	The transfer of assets from the public sector the private sector.
Pressure Group	A group of people who try to persuade the government to adopt a particular policy or to influence public opinion on an issue.
Prime Minister	The head of an elected government
Trade Unions	An association of employees such as the NUT that protects its members' rights in the workplace
Traditional Authority	A type of authority in which obedience is based on custom and tradition.

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AQA GCSE Sociology- Unit 2

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