Antihelmintics

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Bachelors Anti-infectives (Anthelmintics) Karteikarten am Antihelmintics, erstellt von wade.barrett777 am 14/03/2015.
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Types of helminths Nematodes Platyhelminths
Fancy word for worms Helminths
Platyhelminthes Flatworms: 1) Trematodes (Flukes) 2) Cestodes (Tapeworms)
Most anthelmintics are selectively toxic
Nematodes Round worms
Levamisole Good oral absorption Excitatory Causes spastic paralysis of worms Worms are expelled in the faeces as a result
Ivermectin Enhance GABA Causes flaccid paralysis of worms Effective against most nematodes
Piperazine GABA agonist Causes flaccid paralysis of worms
Platyhelminthes lack GABA nerves
Praziquantel Increases Ca influx in worms Causes spastic paralysis Worms are detached as a result Effective against platyhelminthes
Mebendazole Bind to beta-tubulin of nematodes Transport of secretory granules and other organelles is inhibited as a result
Drugs used to treat systemic helminthic infections Diethylcarbamazine Ivermectin
Filariasis systemic helminthic infection
Types of intestinal nematodes Hookworm Threadworm Whipworm Roundworm Strongyloides
Drug of choice for schistosoma infections Praziquantel
Drugs effective against roundworms Mebendazole Levamisole Piperazine
Possible side effects of Piperazine Vomiting Diarrhea
Roundworms usually: Infect gut lumen 10 - 30 cm long
Hookworm 1 cm long Infect gut by: Ancylostoma duodenale OR Necator americanus Common cause of Iron-deficiency anemia
Ascaris lumbricoides Common roundworm
Treat Hookworm Mebendazole
Treat Strongyloides Tiabendazole Albendazole Ivermectin
Another name for Threadworm Pinworm
Example of a Threadworm Enterobius vermicularis
Threadworm infection is Common in children Can cause pruritus ani (Itchy bottom)
Treatment against threadworm Mebendazole Whole family is usually treated
Filarial infection Transmitted by blood-sucking worm insects
Lymphatic filiariasis Caused by: Brugia timori, Brugia malayi, OR Wuchereria bancrofti Transmitted by mosquitoes
Treat against filiarial infections Ivermectin OR Diethylcarbamazine
Schistosoma infections Bladder & urinary tract (S. haematobium) Intestine (S. mansoni OR S. japonicum)
Tapeworm infection Undercooked, infected: i) Beef (Taenia. saginita) ii) Pork (Taenia. solium) Uncooked, infected fish: Diphyllobrothium latum
Treat against tapeworm Niclosamide
Pyrantel pamoate Causes spastic paralysis by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase Treat against nematodes
Treat against Taenia solium Albendazole
Thiabendazole Decreases ATP production Decreased glucose uptake as a result
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