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Karteikarten von jake hornsey, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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| Moral absolutism is a form of ethics which is deontological "Ethical systems which consider the moral act itself has more value". Moral absolutism dictates of absolute principles which are the answer to every moral dilemma and are timeless, unchanging and universal. Absolutist theories have actions which are intrinsically good or bad with no in-between, even under special circumstances i.e. murder in self-defence is still wrong. Religious theories tend to be absolute as they believe a perfect Decalogue was set down by a perfect deity which we should follow regardless. When their is two or more conflicting absolutes; the rules of graded absolutism applies, for example: Carrie ten boom; lying to protect Innocent lives from Nazi soldiers. Absolutist theories such as Kantian ethics and Natural Law. | |
| Moral Relativism is a form of ethics which is teleological "The rightness and wrongness of an action is determined by the outcome, end teleos. Moral relativism holds their are no universally true moral principles, so there is no one true morality. Relativists argue that morality is subjective and unique to an individual. Cultures, people and groups all have different morality to others. Philosophers such as Socrates, Plato and Aristotle all had different ideas on morality which aids the basis of relativism. Socrates believed that all humans have an innate understanding of what's good and bad, Aristotle stated we should observe virtuous characters to condition and improve our morality. Relativism allows for acceptance of different culture and understands of different cultural morality (Diversity thesis). For example king Darius. Portagorus was a relativist philosopher who said that 'man is the measure of all things' suggesting we each decide our own morality. The fundamental basis of this has led to the discovery of theories such as Utilitarianism and Situation Ethics. | |
| Natural Moral Law is an absolute, deontological theory of Ethics which was created by the influences of philosophers such as: Aristotle, Stoics, Cicero and Thomas Aquinas. Natural law suggests of a natural order to the word which has been determined by a supernatural and divine force, God. Atheist would still follow N.M.L as they're A priori in nature. Aristotle centralised around purpose and his four causes (Material, Efficient, Formal and Final). Stoics suggested as laws which are regulatory in nature and their is a divine spark in humans. The main contributor was St Thomas Aquinas, who used all the influences...especially Aristotle's to develop the theory of N.M.L. Aristotle believed once the final purpose was achieved, you would be rewarded with Eudemonia 'supreme good' in the afterlife- Aquinas believed perfection in the image of God. Aquinas said humans have natural inclinations which are feelings that incline to act towards are purpose and avoid evil. Intrinsic goods should be done and Apparent goods should be avoided. Primary, deontological and PRONG, secondary precepts. |
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