Biological approach

Frage	Antworten
Name three kinds of neurons	Motor neurons, sensory neurons and interneurons
Why is the axon covered by a myelin sheath?	To protect the movement of the impulse from external influences and to speed up its transmission
What is a synapse?	A gap between adjacent neurons
How does an electric pulse travel over a synapse?	Vesicles release their neurotransmitter which locks into special receptor sites on the dendrites of the adjacent neuron
What is an action potential?	movement of an electrical impulse along the axon
Name three neurotransmitters	ACH, dopamine and serotonin
What is serotonin responsible for?	governs sleep, mood and aggression. low levels are linked to depression
What is dopamine responsible for?	affects arousal, pleasure and voluntary movement. high levels are linked to schizophrenia
What is the nervous system divided into?	Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System
What is the Central Nervous made up of and what does it do?	brain and spinal cord. Spinal cord receives and passes messages to and from the brain and connects to nerves in the peripheral nervous system
What does the Peripheral Nervous System do?	It consists of neurons that send information to and from the central nervous system
What is the peripheral nervous system divided into?	Somatic and autonomic nervous system
What does the somatic nervous system do?	It transmits information from the senses to the central nervous system and to the muscles
What does the autonomic nervous system do?	It links the central nervous system to internal organs and controls basic functions such as breathing and digestion. It cannot be controlled voluntarily.
What is the autonomic nervous system divided into?	Sympathetic and parasympathetic section
What is the localisation of function?	notion that different areas of the brain have different functions
What are the two hemispheres of the brain joined by?	corpus callosum (set of nerve fibres allowing information to travel from one hemisphere to the other)
What is the right hemisphere responsible for? (for right handed people)	left side of the body, non-linguistic processing (eg music and emotion)
What is the left hemisphere responsible for? (for right handed people)	right side of the body, analysis, logic, language function
How do you call the way that the two hemispheres have different functions?	Lateralisation of functions (also hemispheric specialisation)
Where in the brain is movement located?	In the motor cortex at the rear of the frontal lobe
Where in the brain is sensory processing (touch) located?	in the somatosensory cortex in the parietal, behind the motor cortex
Where in the brain is vision located?	In the visual cortex at the rear of the cortex
Where in the brain is auditory (sound) located?	in the left temporal lobe

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