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Frage | Antworten |
Isotope | Atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons. |
Atomic Number | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. |
Mass Number | The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. |
Ion | A positively or negatively charged atom or covalently bonded group of atoms. |
Relative Isotopic Mass | The mass of an atom of an isotope compared with 1/12th the mass of an atom of Carbon-12. |
Relative Atomic Mass | The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element compared with 1/12th the mass of an atom of Carbon-12. |
Relative Molecular Mass | The weighted mean mass of a molecule compared with 1/12th the mass of an atom of Carbon-12. |
Amount of Substance | The quantity whose unit is the mole. |
Avagadro's Constant | The number of atoms per mole of the Carbon-12 isotope. (6.022x10^23) |
A Mole | The amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in exactly 12g of the Carbon-12 isotope. |
Molar Mass | The mass per mole of a substance. |
Empirical Formula | The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound. |
Molecule | A small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds. |
Molecular Formula | The actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule. |
Concentration | The amount of solute, in mol, dissolved per 1dm^3 of solution. |
Standard Solution | A solution of known concentration. |
Species | Any type of particle that takes part in a chemical reaction. |
Stoichiometry | The molar relationship between the relative quantities of substances taking part in a reaction, basically mole ratio. |
Acid | A proton donor |
Base | A proton acceptor |
Alkali | A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions, OH-. |
Salt | Any chemical compound formed from an acid when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion. |
Cation | A positively charged ion. |
Anion | A negatively charged ion. |
Hydrated | A crystalline compound containing water molecules. |
Anhydrous | A substance that contains no water molecules. |
Water of Crystalisation | Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound. |
Oxidation Number | A measure of the number of electrons that an atom uses to bond with atoms of another element. |
Oxidation | A loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation number. |
Reduction | A gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation number. |
Reducing Agent | A reagent that reduces (adds electrons to) another species. |
Oxidising Agent | A reagent that oxidises (takes electrons from) another species. |
First Ionisation Energy | The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions. |
Electron Shielding | The repulsion between electrons in different inner shells. It reduces the net attractive force from the positive nucleus on the outer shell. |
Successive Ionisation Energies | A measure of the energy required to remove each electron in turn. |
Shell | A group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number, n. |
Principal Quantum Number, n | A number representing the relative overall energy of each orbital, which increases with distance from the nucleus. (2n^2) |
Atomic Orbital | A region within an atom that can hold up two electrons with opposite spins. |
Sub-shell | A group of the same type of atomic orbitals (s, p, d or f) within a shell. |
Electron Configuration | The arrangement of electrons in an atom. |
Compound | A substance formed from two or more chemically bonded elements in a fixed ratio, usually shown by a chemical formula. |
Ionic Bond | The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions. |
Giant Ionic Lattice | A 3D structure of oppositely charged ions held together by strong ionic bonds. |
Group | A vertical column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties and their atoms have the same number of outer shell electrons. |
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