AQA biology 10.3 Starch, glycogen and cellulose

Beschreibung

AS - Level AS Biology (unit 2 - 10. the variety of life) Karteikarten am AQA biology 10.3 Starch, glycogen and cellulose, erstellt von Charlotte Hewson am 30/03/2015.
Charlotte Hewson
Karteikarten von Charlotte Hewson, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Charlotte Hewson
Erstellt von Charlotte Hewson vor mehr als 9 Jahre
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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

Frage Antworten
what is starch? A polysaccharide
where is it found? many parts of plants
what is it found in the form of? small grains
where can large amounts be found? seeds and storage organs eg potato tubers
what is starch made up of? chains of alpha-glucose monosaccharides
how are these monosaccharides linked? glycosidic bonds
how are these bonds formed? condensation reactions
how is the molecule compact? it winds into a tight coil
what colour does it stain with iodene solution? deep blue
what is the main role of starch? energy storage
how is it suited for this? -insoluble -compact -can be hydrolysed
why does it help to be insoluble? -doesnt draw water into cells by osmosis -doesnt easily diffuse out of cells
why does it help to be compact? it can be stored in small spaces
why does it help to be hydrolysed? when hydrolised, it forms alpha-glucose which is easily transported and readily used in respiration
where is starch never found? animal cells
which polysaccharide serves the same role but in humans? glycogen
how is glycogen similar to starch? similar structure
what are the two differences in its structure? shorter chains and highly branched
how and where is it stored? -as small granules -mainly in the muscles and liver
why does it help to be made up of smaller chains? can be hydrolysed more rapidly to alpha-glucose
where is glycogen never found? plant cells
how does cellulose deffr from starch and glycogen? its made of monomers of beta-glucose
how does the arrangement of a beta-glucose unit differ to an alpha-glucose? the position of the -H group and the -OH group opn a single carbon atom are reversed
how is a beta-glucose arranged? the -OH group is above the ring
how do you then get glycosidic links? each molecule must be rotated 180 degrees compared to its neighbour
what is the result of this rotation? the --CH(2)OH group on each beta-glucose molecule alternates between being above and below the chain
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