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| Frage | Antworten |
| What are transition metals? | Elements which form one or more stable ions with incomplete d orbitals. |
| 4 properties of transition metals | Hard with high melting points Shows more than one oxidation number Tend to form coloured compounds Shows catalytic activity |
| What is phytomining? | Where TM's are extracted using plants from areas where they cannot be obtained economically by other methods. |
| What colour is \(Ti^{3+}\)? | Violet |
| What colour is \(Co^{2+}\)? | Pink |
| What colour is \(Fe^{3+}\)? | Yellow-brown |
| What colour is \(Fe^{2+}\)? | Pale blue-green |
| What colour is \(Ni^{2+}\)? | Emerald green |
| What colour is \(Cu^{2+}\)? | Blue |
| How are anionic complexes named differently to cationic complexes? | Anionic complexes are named with their Latin name |
| \(CN^-\) ligand is named as... | cyano... |
| What are the Latin names of: Cobalt Aluminium Chromium Vanadium Copper Iron Nickel Silver Gold Tin Lead | Cobalate Aluminate Chromate Vanadate Cuprate Ferrate Nickelate Argenate Aurate Stannate Plumbate |
| What does EDTA stand for, how many LPs does it have and what is its charge? | ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 6 LP's \(4^-\) |
| What is the cancer drug cis platin and what shape is it? | [Pt(\(NH_3)^2Cl_2\)] Square planar |
| What shape is tetrachlorochromate (III) | Tetrahedral |
| What shape is tetracyanonickelate? | Square planar |
| What shape is tetrachlorocobalate? | Tetrahedral |
| What shape is tetrabromonickelate? | Tetrahedral |
| Uses of copper | Piping Electrical wiring |
| Uses of chromium | Nichrome alloy Protective covering Road markings Tanning animal hides |
| What is a specific property of \([Cr(H_2O)_3(OH^-)_3]\)? | Amphoteric |
| How do d orbitals split in octahedral compounds? | 3 lower 2 higher |
| How do d orbitals split in tetrahedral compounds? | 2 lower 3 higher |
| Explain how TM compounds are coloured? | Absorption of a photon of light causes electrons to jump form orbitals with lower energy to orbitals with higher energy. So a specific frequency is absorbed and the rest is transmitted which is the wavelength of the light left that we see. |
| How do d orbitals split? | When ligands approach the metal cation they cause repulsion which increases the energy of all the d orbitals, some more than others depending on how close the orbitals are from the ligands. |
| Why does replacing bidentate ligands with EDTA create a more stable complex? | Because there are more product molecules than reactant molecules therefore the entropy increases and total entropy is more likely to be positive making the fwds reaction spontaneous. |
| Which ion disproportionates in solution? | \(Cu^+\) |
| What colours are: \(Cr^{2+}\) \(Cr^{3+}\) \(CrO_4^-\) \(Cr_2O_7^{2-}\) | Pale blue Violet / green when impure Bright yellow Orange |
| What happens to \(Cr^{2+}\) in air? | It is oxidised to \(Cr^{3+}\) |
| How do you make chromium ethanoate? | Run HCl into a flask w/ Zn and Na dichromate which produces hydrogen reducing the dichromate to \(Cr^{2+}\) turning the solution blue Close the tap at this point \(Cr^{2+}\) is forced up the tube into another tube of Na ethanoate which react to form chromium (II) ethanoate. |
| Cat for forming polyethene | \(TiCl_3\) |
| Cat in Harber process | Fe |
| Cat for contact process | \(V_2O_5\) |
| Cat for making margarine | Ni |
| 6 uses of TM's | Cats mimicking living systems Cancer treatments Photochromic glasses Construction Jewellery Paint pigments and coloured glass |
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