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| Frage | Antworten |
| What are the two basic functions education performs according to Durkheim? (FUNCTIONALIST) | Promoting social solidarity & teaching specialist skills |
| What is meant by teaching social solidarity? (DURKHEIM) | Transmitting the norms and values of the culture, teaching a common history and shared rituals, teaching universalistic values |
| What is the benefit of promoting social solidarity? | Binds people together and enables them to cooperate |
| What is meant by teaching specialist skills? | Preparing young people for work as modern industry has a specialised division of labour |
| What is Talcott Parsons view on the function of education? | School is the 'focal socialising agency' of modern society, providing secondary socialisation |
| What is the difference between primary and secondary socialisation? | Primary socialisation - each child is treated under particularistic values. Secondary socialisation - child is taught by universalistic values to enable society to run |
| Parsons describes education as the bridge between what two institutions? | The family and wider society |
| What is meant by a meritocratic society? | Achievement and success based on individual efforts, equal opportunities for everyone |
| Why does Parsons say that school is a "mini-society"? | Both are meritocratic. Pupils succeed or fail depending on their own efforts. Modern society is similar - it is competitive and individualistic |
| What is the main function of education according to Davis and Moore?(FUNCTIONALISTS) | Role allocation |
| What is meant by role allocation? | The selection and allocation of individuals to their future work roles |
| According to Davis and Moore, why are higher rewards offered for the most important jobs? | To motivate people to strive for them |
| According to Davis and Moore, why do some people get better jobs? | Some people are naturally more talented than others and education allows the most talented individuals to compete for the best jobs |
| Why does this make society more productive? | The most able people do the most important jobs |
| Describe "human capital theory" | Modern industrial society is very advanced so the skills of the workforce are its main economic asset. A meritocratic system is the best way to develop a skilled workforce and therefore create greater economic efficiency and higher living standards etc |
| Give one Marxist criticism of the Functionalist role of education. | The values transmitted are those of the capitalist ruling class, not those of society. |
| Give another general criticism of the Functionalist view | Schools discriminate against some groups (e.g working class pupils, black pupils) so the system is not meritocratic |
| What is Hargreaves' criticism of Durkheim's view, specifically social solidarity? | Schools place more value on competition and developing individuals than on developing a sense of social solidarity |
| Why might education not properly equip people for their future work roles? | Because it is sometimes hard to see a direct link between the subjects studied at school and what is required of workers in their jobs |
| What is the interactionalist's criticism of the functionalist view? | It is too deterministic - not everyone passively accepts the schools values. Some reject and rebel against them |
| What is meant by someones ascribed status? | Class background, gender, ethnicity |
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