Hypothalamus and hypophysis

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Hypothalamus and hypophysis Image: Hypothalamus And Pituitary (binary/octet-stream)	Let's start!
As a first step into the topic... Do you know what influences the hypothalamus?	Information from many parts of the brain and humoral stimuli from extracellular fluid.
And which are the hypothalamus’ functions?	To control the water balance, sleep, temperature, appetite and blood pressure. It also secretes hormones that make its effect in the pituitary gland.
There is another name for the pituitary gland Do you know it?	Hypophysis
How are the hypothalamus and the hypophysis connected?	By hormones and nervous connections.
Let's talk about the hypophysis; it is controlled by…	Hormonal stimuli from the brain and other endocrine glands.
Which are the hypophysis’ functions?	To control many different endocrine glands.
The pituitary target organs are: ... glands, thyroid gland, ... , mammary glands, uterus, ... and other tissues.	(adrenal; gonads; kidneys)
The pituitary size and morphology seem to be related to…	The environmental niche and physiological state.
A hormone can activate different cells in the pituitary, which in turn will release ... hormone/s each.	(only one)
The hormones released from the anterior pituitary are long chain polypeptides (... , ... , ...), short chain polypeptides (...) or glycoproteins (... , ... , ...).	(STG; GH; PRL; ACTH; TSH; FSH; LH)
Which polypeptides hormones do exert direct action? Short- or long-chain polypeptides? Which are their names?	Long-chain polypeptides. Somatotrophic Hormone (STH, aka Growth Hormone, GH) and Lactotrope Hormone (aka Prolactin, PRL).
Which are the short-chain polypeptides released by the hypophysis?	Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH), alfa, beta and gamma lipoproteins, and beta-endorphin.
Which are the glycoprotein hormones?	Thyrotrophic Hormone (TSH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FS) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH).
The posterior pituitary, also called ... , releases hormones by mean of ... . Those hormones are ... and ... .	(neurohypophysis; neurons; vasopressin (aka Antidiuretic Hormone, ADH); oxytocin)
Hypophysis vascularization is useful to carry minute quantities of ... hormones in a concentrated way to do their actions in the ... gland.	(hypothalamic; anterior pituitary)
Hypophysiotropic hormones are in charge of ... the function of the ... .	(maintaining; adenohypophysis)
Those hormones are...	Dopamine (DA); Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH); Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH); Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH); Somatostatin (SST) and Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)
These hormones are controlled by feedback loops and are mediated by: Ultra Short (...), Short (...), Direct Long-loop (...), Indirect Long-loop (...).	(hypothalamic releasing factors; pituitary hormones; peripheral hormones; peripheral hormones)
GH has direct action but the most part of the action is given by ... . ... regulates the expression of GH receptor and production of ... .	(GH/IGF-1; Insulin; IGF-1)
The main functions of prolactin are: ... development, startup and maintenance of ... , ... ovulation in females and ... problems in males when high levels, and ... improvement with GH.	(breast; lactation; no; infertility; immune)
Plasma levels of prolactin is regulated by ...	(dopaminergic system)
Vasopressin has its antidiuretic function due to the ... and ... (increase of permeability), and the vasoconstrictor one by increasing ... .	(insertion of water channels; urea transporters; peripheral vascular resistance)
Oxytocin promotes ... and inhibits ... . It is regulated by a ... feedback.	(milk ejection and associative behaviour with the crying baby; ovulation; positive)

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Hypothalamus and hypophysis

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	Erstellt von Valentín Ángel Limón vor fast 4 Jahre