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| Frage | Antworten |
| Some ways the Atmosphere and the lithosphere are connected? | Sand storms and the atmosphere breaks down the lithosphere |
| How is the lithosphere and the Biosphere connected? | Earthquakes, living things need soil |
| How are the biosphere and the hydrosphere connected? | Living things need water |
| How are the atmosphere and the hydrosphere connected? | Cyclone, evaperation and condensation |
| How is the atmosphere and the biosphere connected? | Global warming, plants release O2 and take in CO2 and animals need to breath |
| How is the lithosphere and the Hydrosphere connected? | The earths plates movement creates water movement which cause tsunami and the hydrosphere erosion of the lithosphere |
| What are the 5 layers in the atmosphere? | Exosphere, thermosphere, mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere |
| list 3 places where the hydrosphere can be located? | Dams, Air, Underground rivers, clouds, trees etc |
| What are the 4 layers in the lithosphere | Crust, mantle, outer core and inner core |
| What is 2 characteristics of the Continental Crust? | Thick less dense than the Oceanic Crust and is mostly old |
| What is 2 characteristics of the oceanic Crust? | Thin, dense and young |
| What is 2 name for where 2 plate is colliding together? | Seduction Zone and convergent |
| What is it called when 2 plates slide beside each other? | Transform |
| What is the Plate boundaries rule? | Slab pull and ridge push |
| How do you find the density of a rock? | Mass/Volume |
| How do you find the number of neutrons? | Minis the Atomic Weight by the atomic number |
| What is a element? | A substance composed of a single kind of atom |
| What is a compound? | Is where two or more different atoms are chemically bonded together |
| What is a mixture? | Two or more substances that are mixed together but are not chemically bonded |
| How many basic elements are there? | 112 |
| Whats 2 examples of Compounds? | H2O and Salt NaCl |
| How many electrons in each shell? | 2, 8,8, 2 |
| How the drawing of a atom should look | |
| Atoms that gain one or more electrons would have a? | Negative charge |
| Atoms that loses one or more atoms would have a ? | Positive charge |
| What is a Ion? | Is a atom that gains or losses one or more atoms this makes them fully charged or neutral |
| What is radioactivity? | Process by which atoms emit energetic participates or rays |
| What is radiation? | The particles or rays emitted comes from the nucleus |
| What are 3 types of radiation? | alpha participial - slow moving stopped by small barriers Beta Particulars - fast moving more penetrating than alpha particulars Gamma rays - pure energy, highly energetic and is the most penetrating form of radiation |
| What is a half life? | The time required for a given substance to undergo change each radioactive has its own life (the amount of time it takes for half the radioactive material to go no radioactive) |
| Time for half life | Each radioactive material has its own half life can range from a billion years to a fraction of a second. the shorter the half life the more unstable the isotope is. |
| What is nuclear fusion? | Combination of two small nuclei to form a long nucleus eg. sun |
| How to carbon date? | Living things always take in carbon the amount of carbon 14 and carbon 12 says the same during its lifetime when a living thing dies it stops taking in carbon and the carbon halves its size every 5730 years |
| What is cancer therapy? | Is where high-energy gamma rays causes damage to biological molecules. Tumor cells are more susceptible than normal cells. |
| What can nuclear medicine do? | Tracers - used to study the internal organs and nuclear imaging - involves tracers |
| An example of when nuclear energy would be used? | Thyroid gland - seeing how the gland is taking in the iodine. |
| What is ionic bonding? | Occurs between a metal and a non-metal. it involves one atom giving to another and is a very strong type of bonding |
| What is the cross over rule? | 1.Write the symbol 2.Write the charges 3.Cross over the charge from top to bottom 4.Remove the charges 6.Simplify the number and remove the 1’s |
| whats use for Alpha radiation | It is used for smoke detectors |
| What is a use for a beta ratiation | Beta radiation is used for seeing how thick paper is. by sending radiation through so much paper and see how much goes through |
| What is Gamma Radiation used for | Is used for killing cancer but can also cause it |
| Whats an interesting thing they used radiation for | they tried putting radiation in toothpaste but most the people that used it died |
| What is the steps in the water cycle | |
| What creates the layers in the atmosphere? | it is decided by the temperature change that happen with increased altitude |
| What is plate movement | When two plates get pulled together (convergent) One of the plates gets pushed down into the Mantle by the Ridge and gravity helps.Once the Plate gets pulled down so far into the mantle the rock starts to melt, this makes it more dense so it goes further down.When the rock gets down closer to the outer core it starts to get hotter from heat escaping from the core which makes the rock less dense so it starts to rise. Some of the rock that is rising well create new land between the ridge which causes the two plates to pull apart (divergent). The rest of the rock continues the cycle. |
| What is the tectonic plate theory? | that the Earth's crust is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle. |
| How many tectonic plates are there? | Over a dozen |
| How are volcanoes caused? | when two plates collide which forces one to go under the other this creates pressure which can cause volcanoes to form. |
| What causes Earthquakes? | when two plates are rubbing together and suddenly one snaps. This releases sudden energy which creates vibration waves this makes the earth shake. |
| What causes Tsunamis? | caused when rock underwater suddenly breaks along a fault. The rock flicks up water which create a very large wave which is called a Tsunami |
| What are the 5 major groups on the periodic table? | Metals, Transition Elements, Semimetals, Non-metals and Noble Gases |
| Whats the benefits and limitations of using a model to explain the atomic theory | B: We can change them over time when we get a better understanding, its easy to look at. L: The accuracy of the model The amount of information the scientists can get form the model. |
| The benefits and problems associated with medical and industrial uses of nuclear energy | B: Can cure cancer Makes it easier to study internal organs Can check how far a cancer has spread and how well treatment is working P:Can cause cancer Damages the biological molecules Radioactive material may cause allergic |
| Define Valency | Is a combining power of an element |
| What is covenant? | Relating to chemical bonding formed by the sharing of electrons between atoms |
| What is a Isotope? | the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nucleus C12-C14 |
| What is radioisotope? | Radioisotopes are radioactive isotopes of an element. Different isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei but differing numbers of neutrons. They can also be defined as atoms that contain an unstable combination of neutrons and protons. |
| What is Nuclear Decay? | process by which a nucleus of an unstable atom loses energy by emitting radiation. |
| What is Nuclear energy? | the energy released during nuclear fission, used to generate electricity. |
| How to Do Ionic Bonding? | |
| A diagram of electrons jumping to another atom | |
| The formation of our local environment? | was formed from a hotpot that crossed under Australia that caused volcanoes to form, this caused mount warning to form |
| What is the aim in a scientific experiment ? | Is what you are trying to find out |
| What is the method? | The order of how you do stuff |
| What is the Hypothesis ? | What you think it will happen in a scientific experiment |
| What is the dependent variable? | the thing you measure |
| What is the independent variable? | The thing you change |
| What is the control variable? | The thing you keep the same |
| What is in the conclusion? | What you find out in the experiment and refer back to the aim and your hypotheses |
| What is the 6 scientists that help contribute in the atomic theory? | Issac Newton John Dalton J.J Tomson Rutherford Niels Bohr James Chadwick |
| How does human activity effect our four spheres? | We effect the environment such as coal, timber and oil.Humans are dependent able on these factors . These can contribute to the level of greenhouse gases within the atmosphere.This leads to global warming. It is becoming apparent that these climatic changes are negatively affecting the physical and biological systems worldwide |
| What did Chadwick compos? | Using alpha particles discovered a neutral atomic particle with a mass close to a proton. Thus was discovered the neutron. |
| What did Niels Bohr contribute? | Developed an explanation of atomic structure that underlies regularities of the periodic table of elements. His atomic model had atoms built up of successive orbital shells of electrons. |
| What did Rutherford contribute? | He established that the nucleus was: very dense,very small and positively charged. He also assumed that the electrons were located outside the nucleus |
| What did Dalton compose? | His atomic theory said that elements consisted of tiny particles called atoms. It states an element is one of a kind (aka pure) because all atoms of an element are identical. All the atoms that make up the element have the same mass. All elements are different from each other due to differing masses. |
| What did Newton compose? | Proposed a mechanical universe with small solid masses in motion. |
| What did Aristotle compose? | He thought that all materials on Earth were not made of atoms, but of the four elements, Earth, Fire, Water, and Air. He believed all substances were made of small amounts of these four elements of matter. |
| What did J.J Thomson compose? | J.J. Thomson discovered electrons and noticed that an atom can be divided. Also, he concluded atoms are made of positive cores and negatively charged particles within it. He developed the Plum Pudding Model before the atomic nucleus was discovered. This model shows that the electrons are surrounded by a "pudding" of positive charges to balance the negative charges. |
| What did Democritus discover? | that atoms were minuscule quantities of matter. Democritus hypothesized that atoms cannot be destroyed, differ in size, shape and temperature, are always moving, and are invisible. He believed that there are an infinite number of atoms. |
| What is the asthenosphere? | the upper layer of the earth's mantle |
| What is the green house effect? | natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases |
| What is the enhanced global warning? | the burning of fossil fuels creates a layer in the earths atmosphere that traps more of the suns rays which causes the earth to be more hot this causes the melting of the icy caps |
| What is Biodiversity? | A variety of plant and animal life in the world or can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. |
| What is a divergent plate boundary? | two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other so more lava can get through to create new land , this happens at a ridge |
| Where do volcanoes usually occur | Where two plate boundary meet. Around the ring of fire is very common as a large number of earthquakes and volcanoes have occures |
| What is the carbon cycle |
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