Ecosystems and Energy Transfer Glossary Words

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Producer	An organism capable of producing complex organic compounds demo simple inorganic molecules through the process of photosynthesis (using light energy) or through chemosynthesis (using chemical energy).
Consumer	An organism that generally obtains food by feeding on other organisms or organic matter due to the lack of ability to manufacture their own food from inorganic sources.
Decomposer	An organism whose ecological function involves the recycling of nutrients by performing the natural process of decomposition as it feeds on dead or decaying organisms.
Detritivore	An organism that feeds on detritus or organic waste.
Zooplankton	Animal constituent of plankton; mainly small crustaceans and fish larvae.
Phytoplankton	Plankton that consists of minute plant and other photosynthetic organisms, including cyanobacteria, diatoms, and dinoflagellates.
Carnivore	An animal or plant (particularly insect and invertebrate eating plants) that requires a staple diet consisting mainly or exclusively of animal tissue through predation or scavenging.
Herbivore	An animal that consumes herbaceous vegetation. Any animal that feeds chiefly on grass and other plants.
Omnivore	An animal that includes both plants and animals in its normal diet.
Trophic Level	A position in a food chain or ecological pyramid occupied by a group of organisms with similar feeding mode.
Ecosystem	A system that includes all living organisms (biotic factors) in an area as well as its physical environment (abiotic factors) functioning together as a unit.
Habitat	The place where an organism or a biological population normally lives or occurs.
Agricultural Ecosystem	Ecosystems that are made up largely of domesticated animals and plants used to produce food by mankind. The agricultural ecosystem is achieved by preventing the climax community.
Pesticide	A chemical which is used to kill unwanted organisms (such as rats, insects, nematodes, etc).
Herbicide	A chemical used to kill or control the growth of plants. Some herbicides (such as synthetic auxins and triazine) selectively kill broad-leaved plants while leaving grass-leaved plants (i.e., cereal crops) unharmed.
Insecticide	A chemical used to kill insects. Insecticides are a type of pesticide.
Fungicide	An agent that destroys fungi.
Biological Control	Control of a (usually nonindigenous) pest by introducing an organism that is a predator, parasite, or pathogen of the pest species in its native environment. Also called biocontrol.
Integrated Control System	The harnessing of biological and chemical properties to control 'pests' and pathogens in order to protect an environment, species or the well being of humans.
Productivity	The rate at which organic matter is produced as chemical energy through the harnessing of light energy in photosynthesis.
Net Productivity	Net Productivity = Gross Productivity - Respiratory Losses
Dissipated	A process in which energy is used or lost without accomplishing useful energy transfer to the next trophic level in a food chain.
Biological Accumulation	The accumulation within living organisms of toxic substances occurring in the environment.
Monoculture	The cultivation or growth of a single crop or organism especially on agricultural or forest land.

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