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Beschreibung
Karteikarten von ACAPUN INSTITUTE, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von ACAPUN INSTITUTE
vor mehr als 3 Jahre
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| Frage | Antworten |
| -CATALYST-provokes or speeds up change; knows what needs to happen and motivate others to transform theri opinions -SOLUTION GIVER-problem solver; maintain group rapport -RESOURCE LINKER-facilitator; link people with different professions -PROCESS HELPER-provides help where is is needed -ADVOCATE-educate, promote, lobby -CHANGE AGENT- causes change | roles and responsibilities of DH |
| TN Board of Dentistry | 7 DDS 2DH 1 DA 1 citizen |
| habit | behavior that becomes automatic |
| behavior change | change in behavior |
| values | ideas and beliefs that influence a person's behavior |
| target population | Clearly identified segment of the population |
| Basic Screening Survey (BSS) | A simple screening survey model for collecting oral health data to assess need and referral for dental care; developed by the ASTDD. |
| Bar graph | A simple bar graph, in which bars do not touch, used to display frequencies of nominal or ordinal data or the value of different but comparable items (categorical data). |
| Calibration | A process used to determine, check, rectify, or adjust a measurement device to increase the accuracy and precision of the measurements. Calibration is applied also to examiners or raters who are involved in data collection to achieve agreement with set criteria and a standard of performance. |
| Clinical trial | An experimental study that tests the safety, efficacy, and/or effectiveness of 315procedures, therapies, drugs, or other interventions to prevent, screen for, diagnose, or treat disease in humans. |
| Coalition | A cooperative, collaborative effort on the part of many diverse individuals and organizations that reflects a public-private partnership to build systems and develop programs that improve community health. |
| Community Periodontal Index (CPI) | An index to assess periodontal status of a population; includes measurements of gingival inflammation, bleeding, calculus, clinical attachment loss, and periodontal pockets. |
| Data | Facts or pieces of information used to calculate, analyze, or plan in the course of community program planning or research. |
| Defluoridation | Water treatment that reduces the level of fluoride in the community water when it is too high, to make it safe for human consumption. |
| Dental index | An abbreviated scale with definite upper and lower limits to measure the amount or severity of an oral disease or related condition in a population; both dental indexes and dental indices are used as the plural form. |
| Dean's Fluorosis Index | The conventional system used to assess for dental fluorosis, developed by Dr. Dean and consisting of categories of fluorosis; is the basis for other fluorosis indexes. |
| Direct access | The dental hygienist's right to initiate treatment based on his or her assessment of a patient's needs without the specific authorization of a dentist, to treat the patient without the presence of a dentist, and to maintain a provider-patient relationship. |
| Direct supervision | The level of supervision that requires that the dentist be present, examine the patient to authorize the work to be performed, and check it after. |
| Early childhood caries (ECC) classification | Classification system for categorizing the severity of dental caries in children aged 71 months and younger (infants through age 5 years). |
| Early Head Start | Head Start program that serves children from birth to age 3 years. |
| Epidemiology | The study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in specified populations and its application to the prevention and control of health problems. |
| General supervision | Supervision of the dental hygienist in which the dentist does not have to be on the premises, but the patient must be one of record or seen by the dentist previously. |
| Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) | A simple, easy-to-implement dental index used to determine the extent of interdental inflammation based on bleeding that occurs in response to passing unwaxed dental floss on each side of the papilla. |
| Gingival Index (GI)/Modified Gingival Index (MGI) | The GI is a core dental index to measure the severity of gingival inflammation based on clinical observation, pressing the probe on the gingiva to determine degree of firmness, and "walking" the probe inside the gingival sulcus; modified as the MGI by eliminating the probing. |
| Head Start | A school-readiness program administered by the ACF that is designed to break the cycle of poverty by providing a comprehensive early learning program for preschool aged children of low-income families; oral health is addressed by Head Start. |
| Healthy People 2020 | A dynamic national compilation of measurable 10-year health goals and objectives for prevention of disease and promotion of health that identify current nationwide health improvement priorities and are applicable at the national, state, and local levels. |
| Incidence | The rate of new cases of a disease or health condition in a population at risk during a designated period. |
| Leading Health Indicators (LHI) | A smaller set of Healthy People 2020 objectives selected to communicate the highest priority health issues and actions that can be taken to address them. |
| Medicaid | A joint state-federal financed program that is administered by the states to provide comprehensive medical coverage for individuals within certain income limits; includes oral healthcare coverage for children of low-income families and limited dental coverage for adults in some states. |
| Medicare | A federal health insurance program that provides comprehensive health care for adults ages 65 and older; is not a source of financing of oral health care unless it is medically necessary. |
| National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) | A program of survey research studies that uniquely combines interviews and physical examinations to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children, including oral diseases and conditions. |
| Observational research | A classification of research studies that involves systematic observation of study participants' behaviors, actions, or other exposures to disease-related factors without influencing or interfering with the variables; no variable is manipulated. |
| Oral health educator | A role in which the dental hygienist works to prevent disease and to promote oral health through the process of teaching them about oral health. |
| Oral health indicators | Quantifiable characteristics of a population used by researchers to describe the oral health of a population; they generally line up with Healthy People 2020 objectives and are tracked by the National Oral Health Surveillance System. |
| Peer review | Process used by scientific journals to validate research and evaluate submitted manuscripts; consists of review by a group of experts in the same field. |
| Periodontal Disease Index (PDI) | A classic, composite periodontal index that is no longer recommended for use because of the current understanding that gingivitis and periodontitis are two different disease entities. |
| Pilot study/pilot testing | Performance of a preliminary research study or trial run of a community program in preparation for a major study or large-scale community program. |
| Primary prevention | Services that are designed to prevent a disease before it occurs; includes health education, avoidance of disease, and health protection. |
| Qualitative data | Information that reflects the quality or nature of things that cannot be measured or analyzed numerically and must be expressed in words, such as interview responses. |
| Public health | The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency within a population through organized community efforts; concerned with protecting the health of entire populations, not just individuals. |
| Qualitative research | Broad category of research that answers questions of why and how; focuses on exploring issues, understanding phenomena, and answering questions by analyzing qualitative data. |
| Quantitative data | Information that is objective and measurable; can be measured and expressed as a quantity or amount (numbers). |
| Quantitative research | Broad category of research that involves the systematic empirical investigation of observable phenomena through mathematical, computational, or statistical techniques. |
| Referral | An essential component of assessment and screening and an ethical obligation when a need for dental care is observed; without further observation and referral for care, screening is ineffective. |
| Reliability | The extent to which a measurement gives consistent results; an essential component of validity. |
| Researcher | A role in which the dental hygienist uses scientific methods to acquire knowledge on topics relevant to serving the needs of the public's oral health. |
| Root Caries Index (RCI) | Dental index to measure cavitated root caries lesions using an epidemiologic examination. |
| Sample | A portion or subset of the entire population. |
| School-based oral health program | An oral health program that offers services at the school, via school clinics with stationary equipment, in a room in the school building using portable equipment, or in a mobile van parked at the school; may provide one or a combination of the following: screening, sealants, fluoride treatment, oral health education, other primary preventive services, clinical and radiographic examination, restorative services, and extractions. |
| Scope of practice | The procedures that an oral health professional is permitted to practice according to the state statute |
| Secondary prevention | Services that are designed to slow the progression of a disease or its sequelae at any point after its inception; includes detection and treatment of disease or injury as soon as possible to halt or slow its progress. |
| SMART + C objectives | Acronym for criteria that are used as a guide for setting program objectives: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Timed, and Challenging. |
| Socioeconomic status | The social standing or status of a person or group in a community or society on a social-economic scale, measured by factors such as education, type of occupation, income, wealth, and place of residence. |
| State oral health program (SOHP) | A state-level dental public health program under the organizational structure of the state health department; also referred to as state dental public health program. |
| Statistic | A numeric characteristic of a sample. |
| Statistical significance | A value that expresses the probability that the results of data analysis from a given research study could be occurring purely because of chance. |
| 5 ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct | Autonomy, Non Maleficence, Beneficence Justice Veracity |
| 6 Stages of Change | precontemplation contemplation preparation action maintenance termination |
| 4 aspects motivational interviewing | OARS Open qns Affirmation Reflective listening Summarizing |
| 3. Types of Prevention of oral diseases | Primary- community level Secondary- restoration Tertiary- Prosthodontics |
| fluoride toxicity RULE of 5s | Toxic dose is 5mg/kg Lethal does is 5g for adult |
| HEPATITIS types and cause | A- feco -oral B- contaminated food C- contaminated food D- direct contact, prior inf with HBV E- feco-oral MNEMONIC- Contaminated Blood- fEcAl-oral |
| 3 types behavioral learning | classical conditioning operant conditioning observational learning |
| 4 FDA drug approval phases | 1- 20-100 volunteers, SAFETY and DOSING 2- several hundred, EFFICACY and SIDE EFFECTS 3- hundred to thousands, EFFICACY and ADVERSE REACTIONS 4- thousands, LONG TERM OUTCOMES and LONG TERM SIDE EFFECTS |
| Bupivacaine | HIGHEST pkA Longest duration of action |
| Warfarin | interferes with vitamin K dependent clotting factors (II,VII,IX,X) Inhibits formation of PROTHROMBIN |
| Benzodiazepines | effect on GABA receptors (receptor in CNS that allows Cl- transfer)- SEDATIVE effects |
| Leukotrienes | Chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions. |
| Epipen JR and Epipen ADULT doses | JR- 0.15mg of epinephrine Adult- 0.3 mg of epinephrine Emergency- 1mg/ml |
| Pica definition | Eating not food items for over a month |
| 5 domains of pediatric management | - Physical - Pharmacological - Reward oriented - Aversive - Linguistic |
| Dental effects on BULIMIA pt | - Erosion on lingual aspects of MAXILLARY INCISORS (due to vomiting) - Enlargement of the PAROTID GLAND |
| Treatment for Bulimia effects | After purging episode, rinse with BAKING SODA WATER (neutralize the stomach acids) |
| INR values | Normal- 1 Therapeutic- 2-3 Mechanical Heart Valve- 3.5 |
| 3 aspects of Autism Spectrum Disorder | - Autism - Aspergers - Pervasive Devt Disorder- Not Otherwise Specified (PDD-NOS) |
| ASA Physical Status Classification | 1. Healthy person. 2. Mild systemic disease. 3. Severe systemic disease. 4. Severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life. 5. A moribund person who is not expected to survive without the operation. 6. A declared brain-dead person whose organs are being removed for donor purposes. |
| ASA classification of BP | 1- <140, <90 2- 140-159, 90-94 3- 160-199, 95-114 4- 200+, 115+ |
| 5 Health Programs in the USA | MEDICAID- poor (Federal+state) MEDICARE- Elderly (Federal) SOCIAL SECURITY- age>65 years (govt benefits) TRICARE- uniformed service members/retired and families CHIP- children <18 years |
| 3 core functions of public health | 1. Assessment 2. Policy Development 3. Assurance |
| Incidence definition. Measured by? | number of new cases COHORT STUDY |
| Prevalence definition. Measured by? | The number of existing cases CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY |
| Morbidity | illness |
| epidemic | A widespread outbreak of an infectious disease. |
| mortality | death |
| 4 steps in Vicious cycle of dental anxiety (4) | - Fear, Anxiety - Avoidance of dental care - Deterioration of dentition - Feelings of guilt, shame and inferiority |
| cross-sectional study | a study in which people of different ages are compared with one another( ONE TIME) - PREVALENCE |
| longitudinal study | research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period |
| 2 types of longitudinal studies | Case control (odds ratio) Cohort- INCIDENCE. Prospective vs Retrospective |
| Reliability | Precision |
| Validity | accuracy |
| Sensitivity | Disease |
| Specificity | Health |
| If p < 0.05 then? | Reject the null hypothesis. SIGNIFICANT |
| If p > 0.05 then? | Accept the null hypothesis, NOT SIGNIFICANT |
| Chi squared test | Association between 2 categorical values QUALITATIVE |
| 3 types QUANTITATIVE tests | - T-test- small sample size (difference between 2 MEANS) - Z-test- large sample size (difference between 2 MEANS) - ANOVA (analysis of variance)- difference between 2 OR MORE MEANS |
| Type 1 error | false positive |
| Type 2 error | false negative |
| LOWEST to HIGHEST bias | Systematic Reviews Randomized Control Trials Cohort Case control Cross sectional Case reports Mechanical studies Expert opinions |
| 3 rules of HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) | - Privacy Rule - Security Rule - Data breach notification Rule |
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