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Chemistry study notes year 10
Jin Braicovic
Karteikarten von Jin Braicovic, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Jin Braicovic
Erstellt von Jin Braicovic vor etwa 9 Jahre
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Group 1 metals do not precipitate
Precipitation Reactions when two ionic substances are mixed, sometimes a new ionic substance forms. - it is insoluble - that insoluble substance is called a precipitate
sulphate so4-2
carbonate co3-2
Hydroxide oh-
nitrate no3-
Acetate ch3coo-
nitrates are all soluble
Chlorides Bromides Iodides cl- Br- I- are mostly soluble
Periods horizontal rows on the periodic table
Groups Vertical columns on the periodic table
metals left of the staircase
non-metals (and hydrogen)
Mettaloids
Noble gases group 18 unreactive and stable
Alkali metals Group 1
Alkali earth metals Group 2
Halogens Group 17
radioactive lead (number 83) or higher technetium promethium also radioactive
order of valency +1,+2,+3, +_4, -3,-2,-1,-0
roman numerals oxidation state some metals can exist in both states
Reactants the substances that present before the chemical change takes place written on the left (before)
Products are the one present in the end Written on the right (after)
Catalysts speed up the reaction
chemical reactions occur when... Reacting species collide effectively
oxidation loss of electrons
Reduction gain of electrons
solid -> gas sublimation
Gas->solid Deposition
mole a unit of measurement for amount of substance
Atomic number equal to the amount of protons the number on the element
Ion A molecule that does not have the same amount of elections as protons
Mass number the number of protons and neutrons together
Atomic weight the weight of the element
valency elements in the same group have the same valency
ionic bonding metals combine with non-metals the transfer of electrons
Covalent bonding non-metals combine with non-metals the sharing of electrons
Metallic bonding metals combine with metals
what do atoms do during chemical reaction? no new atoms are created atoms rearrange to form new bonds
Protons the atomic number positively charged (pro)
electrons atomic number negatively charged (el-iminate)
neutrons the mass number - the atomic number have no charge (neutral)
acid a compound that easily releases hydrogen
Base that will neutralize an acid does not dissolve in water
salt a compound containing metallic and non-metallic elements
diatomic Diatomic molecules are molecules composed of only two atoms
carbonic acid H2CO3
Hydrochloric acid HCl
Sulfuric acid H2S04
Nitric acid HN03
Acetic acid C2H4O2
Phosphoric acid H3PO4
Neutralisation reaction when acids react with a variety of other chemicals
Acid + metal --> salt + hydrogen gas
Acid + Carbonate --> salt + carbon dioxide + water
Acid + base --> salt + water
Cations positive ions and form when a neutral atom loses electrons (ca-nt believe i lost an ion)
anions positive ions that form when a neutral atom gains an electron. (an- ion) (gain)
Elements pure substances composed of atoms with the same atomic number
solute the substance being dissolved
solvent the substance that dissolves the solute
Electron configuration the distribution of electrons in an atom
Exothermic reactions Release energy
Endothermic Reactions Absorbs energy
Decompositition reaction When a single reactant forms 2 or more products
Hydrogen Bonds When hydrogen bonds to elements: N, O and F (nitrogen, oxygen and Fluorine)
indicators change colour in the presence of an acid or a base -litmus -methyl orange Phenolphthalein
Prefixes if it has a metal, DONT put prefix Mono, di, tri, tetra, penta
Ammonia NH3-
Ammonium NH4-
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