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| Frage | Antworten |
| When do the centrioles duplicate in the Cell cycle? | In the Interphase. |
| When does the DNA duplicate? | During the Interphase. |
| In what phase does chromatin coil up into chromosones? | the Prophase. |
| When does the Nuclear Membrane begin to disappear? | During the Prophase. |
| Where do the centrioles go during the prophase? | They move to the opposite sides of the cell. |
| When do the spindle fibres begin to grow? | during the prophase. |
| Where do the spindle fibres come from? | The centrioles. |
| When does the Nuclear membrane completely disappear? | During the Metaphase. |
| Where do the chromosones go during the Metaphase? | They line up on the equator of the cell. |
| Where on the Chromosome do the spindle fibres attach to? | the centromere |
| How do the spindles move the chromatids? | They contract. |
| What are the parts of a chromosome? | The sister chromatids, that are attached by the centromere. |
| What do the spindle fibres do? | they pull apart the sister chromatids and move them to the opposite poles. |
| During what phase are the chromosomes pulled apart? | The anaphase. |
| When do the chromosomes arrive on the opposites sides of the cell? | during the Telophase. |
| When do the nuclear membranes start to form again? | During the telophase. |
| What happens to an animal cell's shape during the telophase? | The cytoplasm pinches together. |
| What happens to the chromosomes in the Telophase? | They turn back into chromatin. |
| What is Cytokinesis? | the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells. |
| What are the two cells created from mitosis called? | Daughter cells. |
| What happens to the Plant cell's shape during the telophase? | There is no pinching, but rather a plate is created between the cells and they grow sideways. |
| What are the functions of mitosis? | growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. |
| How many centrioles are in a cell? | 2. |
| How are centrioles arranged? | at right angles. |
| what do centrioles create? | spindle fibres. |
| What is chromatin? | Long strands of DNA that later thicken into chromosomes. |
| What is a Chromosome? | Chromatin that has coiled up tightly that later on makes a copy of itself. |
| What does the Nuclear membrane do? | It keeps the genetic material separate from the rest of the cell. |
| Where are Cell Walls found? | In Plant Cells only. |
| What is the Cell Wall made up of? | Cellulose. |
| What does the Cell Wall do? | It gives support and shape so the plant can stand. |
| Where is the Cell Wall located? | Outside of the Cell Membrane. |
| Where are Chloroplasts found? | In Plant cells only. |
| What do chloroplast contain? | Chlorophyll. |
| What does chlorophyll do? | It traps energy from sunlight and helps the plant make food through photosynthesis. |
| What is the most important organelle? | The nucleus. |
| What is the Nucleus? | The control centre of the cell that directs activities. It contains all of the Cell's DNA. It works with Ribosomes to make protein. |
| Where is all of a cell's DNA located? | In the Nucleus. |
| How does DNA help the cell? | It has the "recipe" to make what cells need to work properly. |
| What do Ribosomes do? | They help assemble proteins. |
| What are the two parts of Ribosomes? | The large and small subunits. |
| Where are Ribosomes found? | In the Cytoplasm and in the Endoplasmic Reticulum. |
| What is the Cytoplasm? | the fluid found outside the Nucleus that helps hold the organelles in place. |
| What does the Cytoplasm have? | A cytoskeleton consisting of Microtubules and Microfilaments. |
| What is the purpose of the Microtubules and Microfilaments? | They hold the cell together and resist bending forces, and help with transport functions. |
| What is the cytoskeleton made up of? | Proteins. |
| What is the Mitochondria commonly called? | the powerhouse of the cell. |
| What does the Mitochondria do? | Produces energy for the cell. |
| What is the cytoplasm mostly made up of? | Water. |
| Where is the endoplasmic Reticulum located? | Around the Nucleus. |
| What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do? | It transports things around the cell. It also provides a surface for many chemical reactions to take place. |
| What is the difference between smooth ER and rough ER? | Rough ER has ribosomes on the surface and smooth does not. |
| What does a Golgi Apparatus look like? | a series of stacked tube-like membranes with tiny sacks at the end. |
| What does the Golgi Apparatus do? | It processes packaging material produced by the cell. |
| How does the Golgi Apparatus process the packaging material? | It works with the ER by taking new proteins and adding fat and sugars. |
| Which cell has a larger Vacuole, Plant or animal? | Plant. |
| What is the main purpose of the Vacuole in a plant cell? | They fill with water to hold the plant upright. |
| What do Vacuoles do? | They act as a storage site for food, waste and extra water. |
| What are Lysosomes? | Round organelles formed near Golgi Bodies. They hold proteins that aid food digestion and they destroy harmful chemicals. They act as the trash can of the cell. |
| What are formed near golgi bodies? | Lysosomes. |
| What is a cell surrounded by? | A flexible double-layered cell membrane. |
| What is the cell membrane's function? | It supports the cell and controls what comes in and out of the cell. They are semi-permeable. |
| How do the Mitochondria produce energy? | It contains enzymes that help to convert stored energy into an easily usable form, aka ATP. |
| If a cell respires fast, what does that say about it's mitochondria? | They are numerous. |
| How does the Endoplasmic Reticulum assist a brain cell? | It helps produce and transport hormones. |
| What cells stay in the interphase their entire lives? | Brain cells. |
| What cells divide more often? | Skin, digestive system. |
| What do Golgi bodies secrete? | Mucus. |
| How are vacuoles in an animal cell? | There are numerous small ones. |
| Which organelle metabolizes glucose? | The mitochondria. |
| What are 4 reasons why Plant and animal cells are alike? | Both: -eukaryotes - contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes -similar functions -plasma membranes |
| What are the 8 things that prove that something is a living thing? | -takes food and uses energy -Grows and repairs itself -gets rid of waste -responds to its surroundings -dies -stores genetic information -can reproduce -composed of cells |
| What are the three parts of Cell theory? | -All living organisms are composed of one or more cells -Cells are the basic unity of structure and function in all organsims. -All cells come from previously existing cells. |
| What is a Prokaryote? | A cell that does not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. The DNA is Free floating, and they usually have flagellum. |
| What is an example of a Prokaryote? | Bacteria. |
| What are small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things? | Flagellum/Cilia |
| What is the Nucleolus? | the site of RNA (ribosomal subunits) production in nucleus, assembles, processes, and packages things in the cell |
| Where does protein synthesis occur? | In the ribosomes. |
| What are collections of DNA in the Nucleus called? | Chromatin. |
| How is the shape of a plant cell different from an animal cell? | Animal cells have irregular shapes that are more round, while plant cells are fixed and rectangular. |
| How is the colour of a plant cell different from an animal cell? | Plants are usually green. |
| Where does an animal cell get it's energy from? | Food. Which is turned into glucose and converted into ATP. |
| What are the raw materials and products of cellular respiration? | Glucose, oxygen --> water, carbon dioxide and heat |
| Longest part of cell cycle? | Interphase. |
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