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| Frage | Antworten |
| Hard engineering Involve the use of technology in order to control rivers. | Soft engineering Less intrusive form of management,works alongside natural processes. |
| Impermeable rocks do not let water through,water flows quickly,surface run off. Examples:clay,granite. | Permeable rocks-such as limestone and brown soil,absorb water quickly resulting in less overland flow. |
| Vegetation reduces the surface runoff as plants intercept rainfall. Roots encourage infiltration and plants soak up the water. | Deforestation will increase surface runoff as cleared areas are more likelyto be saturated with water,increasing surface runoff. |
| Heavy rain means soil will become more saturated will mean there is definitely more surface runoff. | Light rain This will mean Tue water will infiltrate the soil and pass to the channel as through flow. |
| Man made surfaces-tarmac These surfaces are impermeable and so increase surface area runoff in urban areas. | Large drainage basin means water has less distance to travel to the channel. |
| Discharge The volume or flow of water passing a river measuring station at a particular time. | Gradient Steeper river valley which means water reaches the channel faster then a gentle slope. |
| Floods occur when rivers carry to much water and overflows to the floodplain... | Traction-large boulders roll along the river bed. Suspension-the finer sand and silt particles are carried along in the flow giving the river a brown appearance. |
| Flood plain zoning When you restrict the builings on the flood plain. | Flood warnings Impact is reduced warnings give people time to move possessions,put down sandbags and evacuate. |
| Preparation The impactnof flooding is reduced-buildings are less damaged and people know what to do when a flood happens. | Do nothing In terms of flood management,flooding is natural if it's meant to happen it will. No money is spent on new engineering or maintaning existing. |
| Channel straightening Water moves out of the area more quickly because it doesn't travel as far reducing the risk of flood. | Dams&Reservivors Huge walls on the upper course. Reservoirs store water especially during periods of long heavy rain. Reduces risk of flood. |
| Carslisle england flood 3 people died 2 missing,4 schools severly flooded,350 business es shut down,70,000 addresses lost power,1,844 homes left flooded,2,700 homes affected. Rivers polluted with rubbish & sewage. | Around 3000 people made homeless. Children lost out pon education. Stress related illness rise. 3000 jobs and businesses affected,1\2 people crushed by collapsing buildings. |
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