Unit 9: Food and Diet

Frage	Antworten
Why do we need food?	Provides energy and fuel. Helps the body to grow. Helps to repair damaged tissues. Contributes to good health.
Name the 7 nutrients that make up a balanced diet.	Carbohydrates, protein, fat, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre and water.
Which foods provide a good source of carbohydrates?	Potatoes Pasta Rice Bread Sugar Cakes Biscuits
Name the two types of carbohydrates.	Sugars and Starch
Which carbohydrates are simple? Why do athletes use these?	Sugars (glucose) are a simple carbohydrate. They are an instant energy source. Flows in the bloodstream so that it is available to every cell in your body. Use them during your event to refuel and maintain exercise.
Which carbohydrates are complex? Why do athletes use these?	Starches are complex carbohydrates. They release energy slowly. These are stored in the liver and muscles. Use them to sustain exercise during an endurance event so the athletes do not suffer from fatigue.
What happens if an athlete eats too many carbohydrates?	The extra carbohydrates will be stored as fat around our bodies.
Which foods provide a good source of protein?	Red meat Cheese Eggs Fish Beans and pulses
Why does the body need protein?	Proteins are used for growth and repair of our working tissues. Used as an energy source.
What are proteins made from?	Proteins are made of amino acids. These are the building blocks of cells.
Which foods provide a source of fat?	Butter Cream Nuts Fish Meat Cakes
Name the two different types of fats.	Saturated fats - animal products (bad fats) these build up cholesterol levels. Unsaturated fats - fish and plant products (good fats) help to lower cholesterol levels.
Why does the body need fat?	Provides energy Keeps the skin in good condition. Growth and development when resting and sleeping. Insulates the body. Cushions vital organs. Transports essential vitamins.
Eating too much fat can lead to health problems. What are they?	High cholesterol levels. Block arteries. Raise blood pressure. Lead to heart attack.
Name the foods which give a good supply of vitamins.	Fruit Vegetables Eggs Fish Milk Grains
Why does the body need vitamins?	To protect the body. Growth of bones, teeth, skin and glands. Helps with digestion. Stability of the nervous system. Tissue growth.
What condition is caused by a lack of vitamin C?	Scurvy Lack of fresh fruit and vegetables
What are the symptoms of scurvy?	Scurvy Swollen gums Fatigue Pain in the limbs and joints
What condition is caused by a lack of vitamin D?	Rickets
What symptoms are associated with rickets?	Bones become soft and malformed. Leads to bowed legs.
What foods do you eat to get a good supply of minerals?	Milk Leafy green vegetables Cereal Chocolate Salt
Why does the body need minerals?	To build strong teeth and bones. To transmit nerve signals. Maintain a normal heart beat. Make hormones.
A diet lacking in calcium leads to which deficiency?	Osteoporosis (Brittle bone disease) Bones are weak and fragile
A diet lacking in iron leads to which deficiency?	Anaemia Iron combines with haemoglobin to transport oxygen. A lack of iron means there are less red blood cells carrying oxygen so you have less energy and experience fatigue.
A diet containing too much salt (sodium) leads to which medical condition?	Hypertension (high blood pressure) can lead to heart disease or a stroke
Name the foods which supply dietary fibre?	Bread Grains Vegetables Fruit Brown rice Whole grains Beans / lentils
Why does the body need fibre?	To aid food absorption. Slows down the release of sugars from food so that we get a slow release of energy. Prevents constipation.
Why does the body need water?	Transports nutrients around the body. Helps to remove waste products. Regulates the body temperature.
What is dehydration?	A rapid loss of fluids.
What causes dehydration?	Lack of fluid intake. The intensity of exercise. The duration of exercise. The temperature and humidity of the surroundings.
What is the basal metabolic rate?	The energy needed to stay awake, alive and warm.
What is a calorie?	A calorie is a unit that measures heat or energy production in the body.
What are the three key characteristics which determine our energy needs?	Age Gender Lifestyle
What is malnutrition?	A physical weakness resulting from insufficient food or an unblanced diet.
What is anorexia?	An eating disorder characterised by food restriction and a fear of gaining weight.
What is obesity?	Obesity is being extremely overweight.
What are the problems associated with being obese?	Strain on the joints Decreased mobility, spped and agility increased blood pressure high cholesterol risk of heart attacks / strokes diabetes fatique
What is carboloading?	Maximising the storage of glycogen in the muscles.
What are the three stages of carboloading?	1: Train hard and eat less to deplete glycogen stores 2: few days prior to event do light training and eat lots of carbohydrates to rebuild energy strores. 3: night before 'pasta party' top up carbohydrates store.
What type of athletes would use carboloading?	Endurance athletes Triathletes Marathon runners Cyclists
Which athletes use a high protein diet?	Strength athletes Weight lifters Track sprinters in athletics -100m / 200m Track cyclists
Why do these athletes need high levels of protein?	Protein provides the muscle with amino acids which repair the damage done by anaerobic exericse. Protein is difficult to digest and should not be eaten prior to training and competition.

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