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| Frage | Antworten |
| Homo erectus | -Originated in China and Indonesia -Large face -Thick cranial walls -Sagittal keel -No sagittal crest -Used mode 1 technology |
| Homo heidelbergensis | -Larger brains -High foreheads -Rounded occipital bones -Used mode 2 and 3 technology |
| Neanderthals | -Faces bulge in middle -Large brow ridges -Rounded back of skull -Large cranial capacity -Robust and heavily muscled -Mode 3 technology -Wore clothes -Buried dead |
| Homo florensis | -Three feet tall -Small brain cages Maybe descendant of H. erectus |
| Denisova Hominin | -Sister species of Neanderthals but are a different lineage -genetic exchange between Denisova, Neanderthals, and AMH because they coexisted |
| Gibbons | -Only southeast Asia -Monogamous |
| Orangutans | -Only southeast Asia -Bimaturation: two types of reproduction -Juvenile male: covert copulation/rape -Flanged male: appropriate copulation, normal development |
| Gorillas | -Africa -Assort groups into harems where one male controls many females -Infanticide |
| Chimps | -Africa, north of Zaire river -Male dominated groups -Strong female-female bonds |
| Bonobos | -Africa, south of Zaire river -Non-violent mating -Less hierarchal |
| Angiosperms | -Covered seeds -More diverse |
| Gymnosperms | -Naked seeds |
| Ardipithecus | -Thick enamel -Shorter arms -Small brains -Upright posture -Less prognathism (flatter faces) |
| Ancestral features | -Small molars -Thin enamel -Large canines -Large brow ridge -Small braincase |
| Derived features | -Forward foramen magnum -Small canines -Prognathism |
| Australopithecus | -Small bipeds -Small teeth |
| Hominin locomotion | -Shorter trunk and legs -Long limbs -Nails instead of claws -Opposable thumbs -Loss of tails |
| Theories of Bipedalism | -Solar radiation (less surface area towards the sun) -Hands free -Increased dependence of juveniles |
| Hominin hunting | -Broad diet -Used tools -Shared food -Multi male and female groups |
| Distribution of food | -Clustered is more likely to lead to conflict -Must be a balance between resource cost of group size and benefits of large group size defending a resource |
| Sexual selection in group size | -Larger groups lead to more sexual selection by females -Males have an easier time monopolizing reproductive success of females due to limited movement |
| Complex Foraging | -Collection -Extraction -Hunting: leads to food sharing, division of labour. Requires a long period of learning. Food flows between genders and ages |
| Mode 1 Tools | -Hammer breaks off flakes from the main core rock |
| Mode 2 Tools | Additional processing of flakes from working on both sides |
| Mode 3 Tools (Levallois) | -Modification of the shape of core -Then breaking off a large and sharp flake |
| Homo eragaster | -Originated in Europe, Africa, and Eurasia -Larger brain that previous hominins -No prognathism -Less sexual dimorphism -Long distance running -Used mode 2 technology |
| Cenozic Era | (Age of Mammals) Mammals began to diversity |
| Mesozoic Era | (age of reptiles) Dinosaurs dominated and the era ended with their extinction |
| Traits of Primate evolution | -Binocular vision -Opposable thumbs -Prehensile (grasping) tails -Fingers instead of claws |
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