Reproduction (final exam anthro 201

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Karteikarten am Reproduction (final exam anthro 201, erstellt von Carissa Loft am 14/03/2016.
Carissa Loft
Karteikarten von Carissa Loft, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
Carissa Loft
Erstellt von Carissa Loft vor mehr als 8 Jahre
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Frage Antworten
Sex Observable physical characteristics that distinguish males and females needed for biological reproduction
Sexual Dimorphism females and males are physically distant
Intersex Inds. who exhibit sexual organs and functions somewhere between male and female elements, often including elements of both
Gender Cultural expectations of how males and females should behave
Gender/Sex systems the ideas and social patterns a society uses to organize males, females and those who don't fit either category. Sex as capacity for gamete production
Culture constructs gender through... symbols of beauty and attraction
Destab Taunt and frighten their opponents
Sexual desire... among one of the strongest forces that motivate human behavior (biological function that makes any cultural universal)
Sexual gratiftication Greatest human pleasures
humans have how many overt cues signaling ovulation? few or none
Frequent, more pleasurable intercourse makes... reproduction viable (successful)
Cultural universals relating to reproduction... Puberty recognition, sexual restrictions, pregnancy and post-natal care, incest taboos
More universals of reproduction -Courtships (with who and when to have sex) -Marriage function: more than one person to care for offspring but culturally much more)
Puberty Sexual matruation and social transition to adulthood
Males in puberty Entry into masculine social gender roles than biology
Percentage of homosexuality in males (Kinsey) 25-37%
Females in puberty Biologically distinct, marked by menarche
Females in puberty: (social meaning varies between... Agricultural societies vs industrial socities
Relativism and Ethnocentrism is related to which puberty act... Gential Cutting
Relatvism Knowledge, truth and morality exist in relation to culture, society or historical context and are not absolute
Differences between circumcision vs genital mutilation value judgment and meaning (coming of age)
Dogon menstrual huts: Emic Explanation isolate and protect village (sacred areas) from danger associtaed with menstration
Dogon menstrual huts: Etic Explanation Allow men to identify female fertility and paternity and allows women to offer social support
Frequency of Dogon Menstrual cycling 110 cycles per lifetime
Western Menstrual cycling 350-400 cycles per lifetime (birth control, nutrition and breast feeding)
Adult roles of lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer and transgender: cross cultural search for biological and cultural meanings ... western society sees it as depending on cultural and biological factor (is this true) and as "third" or "variant" vs cultural diversity
Hijars India- males who are sexually impotent b/c born interest or castrated
Incest Taboo to prevent sexual relation between close kin. mother & son, father &daughter, bro & sis, and cousins ,etc.
3 cases of generalized incest avoidance -Shim-pua marriage: past practice of Taiwan -Kvaeli Kibbutain: endogamy, preffered but rare/absent among communally reared children -Patrilateral parallel cousin (father's brothers son or daughter)
Marriages that are between first cousins is highest in which country? 48% Pakistan
Fecundity the potential reproductive capactiy of an organism (immediate) can reproduce
IBI (Inter Birth Interval) The time that lapses between birth (major compontent of fetrility)
IBI -Female fertiltiy and fat 22% (energy balance) -Desire to be prey. by mode of production (value of child ecomonically) -Control of pregnancy
Global Carrying Capacity -population will double in 150 years -Not a #, standard of living
Males control of pregnancy men may construct cultures that inhibit the open transmission of this knowledge (paternity certainty)
Lactational Amenorrhea the temporary postnatal infertility that occurs when a woman is amenorrheic (not menstrating) and fully breastfeeding
Coverage of maternal health services: 97%- developed countries ~53% nondeveloped countries
highest cause of maternal death 24% severe bleeding
Breastfeeding for (how many years) is best for social and biological human development 2-4 years
Men control dominant culture & have used it in an attempt to control... -nutrition of offspring -sexual relations (interest/hormomes of partner) -repression of breastfeeding
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