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| Frage | Antworten |
| First report of viral infection | 1400 SM: Hieroglyph in Memphis > paralytic poliomyelitis |
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Ramses V (1196) > Smallpox |
| Smallpox in 1000SM | Endemic virus in China |
| 1798 : Jenner | The pox from mammal > vaccine |
| Germ Theory | Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur (1880) |
| Koch Postulate First point | 1. Every disease agent has to be found in every case. |
| Koch Postulate point 2 | The agent must be able to be isolated from the host and cultured in vitro |
| Postulate Koch point 3 | If pure culture of the agent inoculated into a healthy host susceptible to infection, the host will be infected |
| Koch Postulate point 4 | The very same agent could be recovered from the latter. |
| 1890 | Iwanowski et al: Filtration to TMV -> filtrate is bacteria free yet still infectious |
| Virus meaning (Iwanowski et al) | Poison (latin) |
| Rous (1911) | Rous Sarcoma Virus in chicken |
| Shope 1933 | Influenza virus isolated |
| Stanley (1935) | Tobacco Mosaic Virus: Composed of Nucleic Acid and protein |
| Hershey, Chase 1952 | Mechanism of viral infection |
| 1976 : Fiers | Sequencing of RNA phage genome MS2 |
| 1976: Temin, Erickson | RNA Tumor Virus was known |
| 1984: Gallo, Montagnier | AIDS Virus was isolated |
| 1995: Multiple Drug Treatment | Protease Inhibitors + Reverse Transcriptase inhibitors |
| Virus description | parasit intraseluler, punya RNA/DNA tapi tidak keduanya (dikelilingi protein), genom dilepaskan didalam sitoplasma inang, replikasi terjadi dalam sel inang |
| Materi pembentuk virion | asam nukleat protein lipid gula |
| Ciri-ciri virion | hanya bisa diamati dibawah mikroskop elektron |
| Bandingkan virus dengan sel |
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| Bandingkan dengan organisme lain |
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| Sifat fisiokimiawi virus | 1. Sensitif temperatur : 56 derajat kapsid dan envelop rusak > infektivitas turun 2. pH dan tekanan osmosis : relatif tahan thp kondisi fisiologis 3. Sensitif terhadap pelarut lemak dan deterjen : ether, kloroform, SDC |
| Partikel Virus (terminologi) | Virion |
| capsid | protein yang melindungi genom |
| Capsid+Genom | Nucleocapsid |
| Envelope | Pembungkus, hanya dimiliki beberapa virus |
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Per biru: asam nukleat ungu: nucleocapsid krem: Envelope abu-abu: capsid |
| Tempat Replikasi | Sel inang |
| Siklus replikasi | Attachment, penetration, uncoating, multiplication, assembly, release |
| Kenapa belajar virus | Virus: sumber penyakit Virus bisa menginfeksi semua makhluk hidup. Mikroorganisme yang paling banyak di bumi |
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Virus infection |
| Alasan positif mempelajari virus | Tools dalam biomol: 1. promoter untuk RNApol sel eukaryotik 2. cellular oncogenes 3. RNA splicing 4. Replikasi DNA di sel 5. Enzim reverse transcriptase |
| fungsi virus | Phage: untuk typing system pada bakteria Salmonella -sumber enzim reverse transcriptase (retrovirus) dan rna pol (phage) -Pestisida: baculovirus -antibakteri(phage) -antikanker(Modifikasi dari gen herpes simplex virus>Spesifik sel kanker -protein rekombinan (baculovirus dan adenovirus) |
| Ciri-ciri Host | Sempit vs luas (?) vektor: insekta/mamalia atau insekta/tumbuhan -tidak menyebrang batas eu/prokariot |
| Faktor yang memperngaruhi host range | reseptor permukaan, ketersediaan replication machinery, respon inang terhadap anti-viral |
| ICTV | International committee on taxonomy of viruses |
| Klasifikasi | ordo - species |
| Nomenklatur | Bahasa latin, Bisa dengan angka-huruf-kombinasi. |
| Famili virus | viridae |
| Sub famili virus | virinae |
| genus virus | -virus |
| Kriteria klasifikasi | Morfologi, tropisme dan transmisi, genomik fungsional |
| Klasifikasi berdasarkan morfologi | Enveloped, non enveloped, DNA, RNA |
| DNA/RNA Genome |
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| Klasifikasi Virion structure |
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| Klasifikasi berdasarkan tropisme dan cara transmisi | -Hepatitis virus (HVA-HVG kecuali F) -Enteric viruses -respiratory viruses -Arboviruses(anthroda borne viruses) -oncogenic viruses |
| Klasifikasi berdasarkan genomik fungsional | mengutamakan alur fungsi genomnya, kompleks, dan dikenal dengan Baltimore (7kelas) |
| Central Dogma Molecular Biology | DNA-mRNA-Protein, replikasi transkripsi, translasi |
| Bedanya central dogma dan modified central dogma | adanya reverse transcription |
| Baltimore system of classification |
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| Virus of eukaryotes |
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| Viruses of bacteria |
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| Detection and virus titration : Plaque forming assay |
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| Hemmaglutination assay |
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| ELISA |
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| Metode dalam virologi |
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| Metode virologi II |
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| Pencegahan, Kontrol dan pengobatan penyakit | polio(ongoing), hepatitis B(done), measles(done),influenza(rapid mutation-ongoing), hiv (No vaccine, obat anti-retroviral efektif tapi toksis dan mahal, rapid mutation leads to resistance) |
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