4931015
| Frage | Antworten |
| The process of assigning numbers or values to individuals health status, objects, events or situations using a set of rules. | Measurement |
| Determining the value of concrete factors, such as weight, waist circumference, temperature, HR, BP and respirations. | Direct Measures |
| When researchers cannot directly measure an abstract idea, but they can capture some of its elements in their measurements. | Indirect Measures |
| The lowest of 4 measurement categories; it is used when data can be organized into categories of a defined property but the categories cannot be rank-ordered. | Nominal- level Measurement |
| Data are assigned to categories that can be ranked. | Ordinal-Level Measurement |
| Uses interval scales, which have equal numerical distances between intervals. | Interval-Level Measurement |
| The highest form of measurement and meets all the rules of other forms of measurement. | Ratio-Level Measurement |
| The ideal perfect measure. | True Measure/Score |
| The difference between the true measure and what is actually measured. | Measurement Error |
| The difference between the measured value and the true value is without pattern or direction (random). | Random Measurement Error |
| Measurement error that is not random; the variation in measurement values from the calculated average is primarily in the same direction. | Systematic Measurement Error |
| The consistency of a measurement method. | Reliability |
| A measure of the amount of random error in the measurement technique. | Reliability Testing |
| Concerned with the consistency of repeated measures of the same attribute with the use of the same scale or instrument. (Test- Retest reliability) | Stability |
| Involves the comparison of two versions of the same paper and pencil instrument or of two observers measuring the same event. | Equivalence |
| Comparison of two observers or two judges in a study. | Interrater Reliability |
| Comparison of two paper and pencil instruments. | Alternate Forms Reliability |
| A type of reliability testing used primarily with paper and pencil instruments or scales to address the correlation of each question to the other questions within the scale. | Homogeneity |
| A determination of how well the instrument reflects the abstract concept being examined. | Validity |
| Validity is considered a single broad method of measurement evaluation. | Construct Validity |
| Examines the extent to which the measurement method or scale includes all of the major elements or items relevant to the construct being measured. | Content Validity |
| Focuses on the study participants ability to read and comprehend the content of an instrument or scale. | Readability Level |
| Can be tested by identifying groups that are expected to have contrasting scores on an instrument. | Evidence of Validity from Contrasting Groups |
| Determined when a relatively new instrument is compared with an existing instrument that measures the same construct. | Evidence of Validity from Convergence |
| Measurement methods used to quantify the level of functioning of living beings. | Physiological Measures |
| Comparable to validity in that it addresses the extent to which the instrument measures what is supposed to measure in a study. | Accuracy |
| The degree of consistency or reproducibility of measurements made with physiological instruments. | Precision |
| Can be grouped into 5 categories: environment, user, subject, equipment, and interpretation. | Error in Physiological Measures |
| A test used to confirm a diagnosis is evaluated in terms of its ability to assess the presence or absence of a disease or condition correctly as compared with a gold standard. | Accuracy of A Screening Test |
| The most accurate means of currently diagnosing a particular disease and serves as a basis for comparison with newly developed diagnostic or screening test. | Gold Standard |
| An accurate identification of the presence of a disease. | True Positive |
| Indicates that a disease is present when it is not. | False Positive |
| Indicates accurately that a disease is not present. | True Negative |
| Indicates that a disease is not present when it is. | False Negative |
| The proportion of patients with the disease who have a positive test result or true positive. | Sensitivity |
| Good at identifying the disease in the patient. | Highly Sensitive Test |
| The proportion of patients without the disease who have a negative test result or true negative. | Specifity |
| Good at identifying the patients without a disease | Highly Specific Test |
| Involves an interaction between the study participants and observers in which the observer has the opportunity to watch the participant perform in a specific setting. | Observational Measurement |
| Spontaneously observing and recording what is seen in words. | Unstructured Observations |
| The researcher carefully defines what he or she will observe and how the observations are to be made, recorded and coded as numbers. | Structured Observational Measurement |
| Verbal communication between the researcher and subject during which the information is provided to the researcher. | Interview |
| The content is controlled by the study participant. | Unstructured Interview |
| The content is similar to that of a questionnaire, with the possible responses to questions carefully designed by the researcher. | Structured Interview |
| A self-report form designed to elicit information through written, verbal or electronic responses of the subject. | Questionnaire |
| A form of self-report, is a more precise means of measuring phenomena than a questionnaire. | Scale |
| The crudest form of measurement involving scaling technique; lists an ordered series of categories of a variable that are assumed to be based on an underlying continuum. | Rating Scales |
| Designed to determine the opinions or attitudes of study subjects; this scale contains a number of declarative statements, with a scale after each statement. | Likert Scale |
| Used to measure strength, magnitude, or intensity of individuals subjective feelings, sensations or attitudes about symptoms or situations. | Visual Analog Scale |
| The process of acquiring subjects and collecting the data for a study. | Data Collection |
| Data collected for reasons other than research. | Administrative Data |
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