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| Frage | Antworten |
| Define scalar | has Magnitude (can be measured) eg time, distance, temperature |
| Describe a Vector | has Magnitude AND Direction |
| What is an exponent? | a symbol that is written above and to the right of a number to show how many times the number is to be multiplied by ITSELF |
| Maths Precedence (BoDMAS) | B ~ Bracket O ~ Order D ~ Divide M ~ Multiply A ~ Add S ~ Subtract |
| What is a logarithm? | a number that shows how many times a base number (such as ten) is multiplied by itself to produce a third number (such as 100) |
| MATTER - Macroscopic (ie can be seen with the naked eye) name the types | MATTER is the stuff everything is made of. Matter has Mass, Volume and takes up space (Density) There are 4 phases (states) of matter. 1) Solid 2) Liquid 3) Gas 4) Plasma |
| MATTER - Microscopic examples (ie needs magnifying) (on an atomic / molecular scale) | Atoms, electrons, protons, neutrons, quarks, etc |
| Define energy Give examples | Energy is What makes things move and change eg Chemical, mechanical, nuclear, etc |
| How is energy transferred? | Energy transferred between objects: work done ( force x distance ) or as heat |
| What can energy be stored in? | Energy is stored in objects: eg mechanical, nuclear, chemical, etc |
| Describe PHASE changes | Heat + SOLID = melt. Turns into a LIQUID. Heat + LIQUID = boil. Turns into a GAS. Heat + GAS = ionise electrons. Turns into a PLASMA |
| 3x Properties of a SOLID (Macroscopic) | MACROscopic scale ~ retains shape without the help of a container. ~ has a surface ~ can be crystalline, amorphous or composite. |
| Properties of a SOLID (Microscopic) | MICROscopic scale ~ atoms are bound together in a fixed position relative to each other, and vibrate about a mean position |
| 3x Properties of a LIQUID (Macroscopic) | macroscopic scale ~ flows to fill the container, regardless of the shape. ~ retains its volume. ~ has a surface |
| Properties of a LIQUID (Microscopic) | microscopic scale ~ atoms interact more weakly than in a solid, and can move about at random within the liquid. |
| Properties of a gas (Macro) | macroscopic scale ~ flows to fill the container, assuming both its the shape and the volume |
| Properties of a gas (Micro) | microscopic scale ~ atoms in a gas interact very weakly and tend to disperse. |
| What is required to change a PHASE | Changing from one phase to another requires energy, called LATENT HEAT |
| Define an ELEMENT | substance consisting of only 1 kind of atom ~ 92 naturally occurring elements ~Each given its own symbol eg C, O, Au,… ~ Cannot be broken down by chemical methods |
| ATOMS | smallest particle of element that is still characteristic of that element |
| What is inside an ATOM | Atom = positive nucleus & negative electrons Nucleus = positive protons and neutral neutrons |
| What is an ISOTOPE | ISOTOPES are slightly different versions of the same element ~They have the SAME number of protons but DIFFERENT numbers of neutrons ~ Often unstable (ie radioactive) |
| Chemical properties of an ISOTOPE Same or different? | Chemical Properties of most isotopes are the SAME (or very similar). ~ because chemical reactions generally involve electrons rather than protons or neutrons. |
| Physical properties of an ISOTOPE Same or different? | Physical Properties are DIFFERENT because the atomic masses differ. ~ This affects physical properties such as densities and temperatures of changes of state e.g. boiling points and melting points. |
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