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Karteikarten von Aimee Vickers, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Aimee Vickers
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| Frage | Antworten |
| What kind of person was Charles I? | - Sensitive to criticism - Inflexible - Formal and reserved - Had a speech defect Strong believer in the divine rights and his prerogative powers |
| Who was he married to? | Henrietta Maria, the daughter of Henry IV of France. She was regarded as influencing Charles towards catholicism and absolutism = a negative political impact. |
| Charles' parliaments | 1st parliament - June 1625 2nd parliament - 1626 - June 1626 3rd parliament - March 1648 - March 1649 |
| 1st parliament FINANCE AND FOREIGN POLICY | His main reason for calling them was the expectations of funds to fight a war against Spain and France (1626). Parliament failed to grant sufficient funds. Inflexibility of Charles - uncertain about the type of war they were funding parliament voted only two subsidies I'm 1625 and tonnage and poundage for one year only, unlike other monarchs had had them granted for life - disrespecting his divine rights. |
| 1st parliament RELIGION | Charles appointed Montagu as royal chaplain (An Arminian who attacked the calvinist belief of predestination) prompting parliamentary debate about the recent animating of the popish party and a cal for recusancy fines. Calling this an invasion of prerogative, Charles dissolved parliament. |
| 1st parliament FAVOURITES | Buckingham - Parliament attacked the King's favourite. Buckingham was made a scapegoat for the failed Cadiz expedition. He had attended a meeting of anti calvinists at York House. To protect Buckingham six of the most outspoken MPs of the 1625 parliament were appointed sheriffs and Charles appointed new peers to the House of Lords who were supportive of him. Subsidies granted were conditional upon the removal of Buckingham. Charles excluded Arundel and Bristol from the House of Lords and arrested Digges and Eliot from the House of Commons - an attack on parliamentary privilege. When parliament began impeachment proceeding Charles dissolved it and resorted to prerogative taxation - benevolence (1626) and a forced loan (1627). |
| 3rd Parliament - 1st session ATMOSPHERE | - An atmosphere of mistrust - Buckingham had suffered a humiliating defeat in his attempt to relieve the Protestant colony at La Rochelle prompting Charles to recall parliament - Parliament challenged Charles' right to collect the Forced Loan - Charles also billeted troops on poorer citizens and arrested approximately 70 men who refused to pay. - This was challenged during the Five Knights case - Some MPs argued that Charles was asserting his royal prerogative at the expense of the common law, others that the King was increasing his power |
| The Petition of Right June, 1628 | The Petition of Right was in response to concerns that Charles could not be trusted to rule by the unwritten constitution. Charles accepted that non parliamentary taxation, marital law, the billeting of troops on civilians and imprisonment without cause shown were all contrary to the laws and statutes of the Realm. In return parliament granted five subsidies. The Petition of Right = A NEW LIMITATION ON ROYAL POWERS. It sought to impose constraints upon royal actions in a way not seen under Elizabeth or James. But it was not accompanied by the traditional form of royal assent associated with a petition thus casting doubt on whether the petition could be invoked in the law courts against royal powers. Parliament insisted Charles gave it the correct response. However, the petition raised the fundamental question of whether Charles could be trusted. In the summer of 1628, Buckingham was assassinated - a turning point, Charles withdrew further and became closer to Henrietta Maria. |
| 3rd parliament 2nd session | Grievances: - The continued collection of tonnage and poundage - The promotion of anti-calvinists to the church THE PETITION OF RIGHT FAILED TO ADDRESS THESE FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES On the 2nd March 1629 John Elliot, Denzil Holles and Benjamin Valentine held the speaker in his chair whilst the house passed the THREE RESOLUTIONS. They stated that anyone who collected or paid tonnage and poundage or who brought in innovation in religion was declared a capital enemy to this kingdom and the commonwealth. - Charles dissolved parliament and arrested nine members involved in the 2nd March incident - Charles did not recall another parliament again until 1637 following the Scottish Prayer Book Rebellion |
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