Classic Evidence: Loftus & Palmer (1974) Methodology/Procedures with Findings WJEC Psychology AS

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Psychology AS WJEC Loftus & Palmer classic research on Car crash & memory with leading questions. Methodology/Procedures & Conclusions
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Loftus & Palmer 1974 Methodology 2 experiments Laboratory Independent Groups Design Exp 1: 45 students/9 Pp's Exp 2: 150 students/50 Pp's
Loftus & Palmer 1974 Procedures Experiment 1 7 Film Clips= 5-30 sec. Pp's given questionnaire Critical Q's "About how fast were the cars going when they______each other?" Smashed, Collided, Bumped, Hit, Contacted
Loftus & Palmer 1974 Procedures Experiment 2 Part 1 1 Film clip w/ multiple car crash Accident less than 4 sec. Group 1: "...SMASHED into each other?" Group 2: "...HIT into each other?" Group 3: Control group - No Q was asked
Loftus & Palmer 1974 Procedures Experiment 2 Part 2 1 week later "Did you see any broken glass?" -NO broken glass presented
Loftus & Palmer 1974 Conclusions Findings indicate for of question (changes in single words) & systematically affect witnesse's answer to Q's.
Loftus & Palmer 1974 Conclusions 1.) Response-Bias Factors Different speed estimates occur because critical word influences or biases person's response.
Loftus & Palmer 1974 Conclusions 2.) Memory representation altered Critical word changes a person's memory so perception of accident is affected. Some words lead perception of accident more serious.
Loftus & Palmer 1974 Conclusions Is memory representation altered true? Would expect Pp's to "remember" other details not true. 2nd experiment asked w/ "Smashed" - Any broken glass? Were more likely to say 'Yes'.
Loftus & Palmer 1974 Conclusions What does leading questions alter? Leading Q's NOT result of Response-Bias but actually leading Q's altered memory a person had for event.
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