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| Frage | Antworten |
| What causes crime? | Lack of education and qualifications Abusive and violent parents/broken homes Drug, gambling or alcohol addiction Periods of high unemployment Gang rivalry Those from inadequate housing, overcrowding and a deprived background Mental illness/psychological problems Violence portrayed in films/TV Advertising? |
| What are the different types of crime? | • Crime against the person (crime is directed against an individual/group of people) e.g. murder • Crimes against the state (a country) e.g. selling military documents • Crimes against property (taking/damaging somebody else’s belongings) e.g. burglary |
| What are the six aims of punishment? | Protection – The aim of protection is to keep the public from being harmed, threatened or injured by criminals Retribution – is seen as ‘getting even’ (‘an eye for an eye’ - Exodus) with the criminal. It is getting revenge and giving the criminal what they deserve. Deterrence - the aim of this is to put people off committing crimes (if they believe they will be dealt with seriously if caught) Reformation – the aim of this is to change a criminal’s behaviour for the better e.g. through a face to face meeting with the victim Vindication – the aim of this is to show offenders that the law is right and that they must be punished if they do not respect it Reparation – the aim of this is to ask the offender to make up for the crime they have committed e.g. vandal cleaning up an area |
| What are the advantages of prison? | To protect society from dangerous and violent criminals Prison acts as a deterrent to others and ensures that the law is respected (vindication) Prison stops people reoffending because they are locked away It gives offenders a chance to reflect on their actions and decide to change To isolate those who deserve such punishment from their family and friends (retribution) |
| What are the disadvantages of prison? | Prisons often breed resentment, bitterness and a determination to get back at society Prison is expensive, costing the taxpayer about £30,000/year to keep someone The majority of prisoners (70%) reoffend on release, demonstrating that the system does not work A prison record makes it very difficult to get a job when released, which may lead a person back into crime Prisoners can educate one another in crime while inside Children are deprived of a parent through no fault of their own Relationships often break down while a person is in prison |
| How are young people punished for serious offenses? | Secure training centres are purpose built centres for young offenders and they have a focus on education and rehabilitation Secure children’s homes are run by the local authority social services department and focus on attending to the physical, emotional and behavioural needs of the young people they accommodate Young offender institutions are run by the Prison Service and accommodate 15 to 21 year olds. Those under 18 are held in separate juvenile wings |
| What are the different forms of punishment? | COMMUNITY SERVICE: This is for offenders who have committed crimes for which they could be sent to prison for months rather than years. The aim is to combine punishment with changing offenders’ behaviour and making amends to the community. ELECTRONIC TAGGING: Prisoners serving between 3-4 months can be released early as long as they are electronically tagged (tracks their movement). They will often be given a curfew (time from which they must remain at home until the next day). FINES Fines may be used by courts for a wide variety of offences PROBATION Sometimes offenders are given suspended sentences PAROLE This is when a prisoner is released without having completed their sentence because they have behaved well and accepted their guilt. LIFE IMPRISONMENT: A prison sentence that (theoretically) keeps people in prison until they die. However, the average sentence is about 15 years before the criminal becomes eligible for parole. |
| What are the arguments for capital punishment? | Retribution – Terrorists and murderers deserve to die (a ‘life for a life’) Deterrence – The death penalty deters people from doing horrendous crimes because they know if they are caught they will die Protection – The public needs to be protected. However, those given a life sentence are often let out of prison after about 15 years Finance – It costs taxpayers thousands of pounds to keep murderers alive in prison |
| What are the arguments against capital punishment? | Mistakes – Innocent people have been executed Protection – Putting a murderer in prison protects society Deterrence – There is no evidence that the death penalty is more of a deterrent than life imprisonment Reformation – Reformed criminals can be an enormous influence for good Right – Only God has the right to end a person’s life |
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