MISC

Frage	Antworten
Behavior Cusp	Behaviors that open a person's world to new contingencies. Ex: Crawling, walking and reading.
Pivotal Behaviors	A behavior that once learned produces corresponding modifications or co-variations in other adaptive untrained behaviors. Ex: Self initiations, joint attention.
Paired Choice (Forced choice)	Simultaneous presentation of 2 stimuli. Time consuming.
Multiple Stimulus	Simultaneous presentation of an array of 3 or more stimuli. Reduces assessment time. 1. Multiple Stimuli With Replacement 2. Multiple stimuli Without Replacement
Single Stimulus (Successive Choice)	Most basic method for assessing preference. *Presented one at a time in random order and the person reaction to each stimulus is recorded i.e frequency or duration.
Components of Experiments in ABA	1. At least one subject 2. At least one behavior (DV) 3. At least one setting 4. At least one treatment (IV) 5. A measurement system and ongoing analysis of data. 6. An experimental design
Baseline Logic	1.Prediction 2. Verification 3. Replication
Patterns of Baseline	1. Descending 2. Ascending 3. Variable 4. Stable
Main Experimental Designs	Multiple Baseline Design Changing Criterion Design Reversal Design Alternating Treatments Design Withdrawal Design
Multiple Baseline Design	Most widely used design Staggered implementation of the intervention in a step-wise fashion across behaviors, settings & subjects. *Does not have to withdrawal a treatment variable.
Multiple baseline across behaviors	* two or more behaviors of same subject. Each subject serves as its own control. After steady baseline IV is introduced
Multiple Baseline across Settings	* 1 behavior is targeted in 2 or more settings.
Multiple Baseline across Subjects	* MOST WIDELY USED MULTIPLE BASELINE DESIGN *One target behavior for 2 or more subjects in same setting
Multiple Probe Design	*Relationship between IV and Acquisition of skill sequence.
Delayed Multiple Baseline Design	*initial baseline and intervention begins and other baselines are staggered.
Advantages of Multiple Baseline Design	* Successful intervention does not have to be removed. Evaluates generalization Easy to implement
Disadvantage of Multiple Baseline Design	Functional Relationship is not directly shown in the design. Takes resources to implement properly.
Changing Criterion Design	One behavior in this design successive & gradually changing criteria for reinforcement or punishment *Variation of multiple baseline design
Advantages of Changing Criterion Design	*Does not require reversal
Disadvantages of Changing Criterion	*Target behavior must be in student repertoire
Reversal Design	Design that reverses responding to a level obtained in a previous condition. Each design strengthens experimental control. Requires 3 phases 1. Initial baseline 2. intervention 3. return to baseline
Confounding threats to Internal Validity	1. Measurement confounds 2. IV confounds 3. Subject confounds 4. Setting confounds
External Validity	*Degree to which results are generalized to other subjects, settings, or behaviors.
Treatment Integrity	Extent to which the IV is implemented or carried out as planned.
Treatment Drift	Application of IV in later phases differs original application.
Temporal Extent	Duration of behavior can be measured
Temporal Locus	Measures time at which behavior occurs.
Response Latency	Time between onset of a stimulus & initiation of a response.
Interresponse Time (IRT)	Time that lapses between 2 consecutive instances of a behavior.
Indicators of trust worthy measurement	Validity Accuracy Reliability
Validity	Directly measures socially significant behaviors Measures Dimension * Ensures data represents behaviors occurrence under conditions
Threats to Validity	Indirect measure Measuring wrong dimension of target behavior *Measurement Artifacts
Measurement Artifacts	1. Discontinuous Measurement Ex: all time sampling methods are discontinuous and cause artifacts 2. Poorly scheduled measurement periods Ex: Behavior occurs at a different period than when observed. 3. Insensitive/ limited measurement scales EX: providing a minimal amount of words per minute for reading fluency test.
Accuracy	Extent to which observed value matches true value of event.
Reliability	Extent to which a measurement procedure yields the same value when brought into Repeated contact with the same state of nature. Ex: Scales
Observer Drift	When observer unknowingly alter the way they measure a behavior.
Measurement Bias	Non Random measurement error, measurement that over/under estimates true value of an event.
Methods for calculating IOA Event Recording	1. Total count 2. Mean count 3. Exact count per interval 4. Trial by Trial IOA
Methods for calculating IOA Duration Recording	1. Total duration IOA 2. Mean duration per occurrence IOA
Methods for calculating IOA Time sampling IOA	* Interval by interval * Scored Interval IOA * Unscored Interval IOA
Total Count IOA	SIMPLEST METHOD for Event recording. Smaller #/Larger # x 100
Mean count per interval IOA	Dividing observation period into a series of smaller counting times. Ex: Int 1 IOA + Int 2 IOA + Int 3 IOA / # intervals
Exact Count per Interval IOA	THE MOST STRICT EVENT RECORDING METHOD Percentage of intervals in which 2 observers recorded the same count.
ABA Instructional Strategies	Discrete Trial Training Incidental Teaching Direct Instruction Precision Teaching Personalized System of Instruction (PSI)
Incidental Teaching	Embedding learning opportunities in ongoing, everyday activities with a focus on child's interest & initiations. 1. Natural environment 2. Timing 3. Training loosely 4. Indescrimable contingencies 5. Facilitates Generalization 6. Language use/ Verbal Skills
Direct Instruction	Sigfried Engelmann PROJECT FOLLOW THROUGH Carefully designed curriculum, teaching in small groups, fast paced teaching, scripts, signals and choral responding, applies scientific techniques to prevent errors.
Precision Teaching	Ogden Lindsley FLUENCY IS TRUE MASTERY Emphasizes fluency, charting performance, designing and implementing teaching that reinforces the emission of each specific behavior under all conditions. Uses Standard Celeration Charts.
Personalized System of Instruction (PSI)	Fred Keller KELLER PLAN Self pacing, use of proctors, 90% unit mastery, written word and lectures are used as reinforcers.

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	Erstellt von Kristine Joy Cor vor mehr als 8 Jahre