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| Frage | Antworten |
| what is an Ecosystem? | Where a plant or animal lives, its habitat. such as a garden or rainforest |
| What does a kite diagram show? | It shows the distribution of organisms in an area. A kite diagram is a chart that shows the number of animals or plants against distance along a transect. |
| what does a transect line show? | its shows the zonation in the distribution of organisms. The number of organisms of each species can be observed and recorded at regular intervals along the transect. |
| what is biodiversity? | the range of different plants and animals in the world or in a particular habitat. |
| how do you find the population size (using the capture/recapture method)? | population size = No. in 1st sample x No. in 2nd sample ----------------------------------------------- No. in 2nd sample previously marked |
| using a capture/ recapture method you must assume . . . . | -there are no deaths or reproduces -no movement from the organism in/out of area -the marking do not affect the organisms survival rate -the marks do not rub off |
| balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis | 6C0 + 6H O --> C H O + 6O |
| simple sugars such as glucose (in plants)can be : | -used in respiration, releasing energy -converted in cellulose to make cell walls -converted into proteins for growth and repair -converted into starch, fats oils for storage |
| why is starch used for storage? | Because it is insoluble and does not move away from storage area, and does not affect the water concentration of cells |
| what are the two stages of photosynthesis? | -water is split up by light energy releasing oxygen gas and hydrogen ions -Carbon dioxide combines with hydrogen ions producing glucose and water |
| Jan Baptist van Helmont (1580-1644) | Van Helmont grew a willow tree in a weighed amount of soil. After five years, he discovered that the willow tree weighed about 74 kg more than it did at the start. As the weight of the soil had hardly changed, van Helmont concluded that plant growth cannot only be due to minerals from the soil. |
| Joseph Priestley (1733 - 1804) | Joseph Priestley carried out an experiment that showed that plants produce oxygen. He put a mint plant in a closed container with a burning candle. The candle flame used up the oxygen and went out. After 27 days, Priestley was able to re-light the candle. This showed that plants produce a gas that allows fuels to burn. This gas is oxygen. |
| what can change the rat of photosynthesis? | -amount of carbon dioxide -amount of light -temperature (increasing enzyme activity) |
| Cross section of a Leaf | |
| Adaptations of a leaf | -Transparent epidermis Allows more light to reach the palisade cells -Palisade cell layer at top of the leaf and containing most of the chloroplasts To absorb more light -Spongy layer with air spaces Allows carbon dioxide to diffuse from the stomata to the photosynthesising cells, and to provide a very large internal surface area to volume ratio -thin so gases can diffuse easy -broad to absorb most light possible |
| what pigments do leafs have and why? | chlorophyll a and b, carotene, xanthophyll so that the cells can absorb the maximum amount of light, a wider range of wavelengths of light and more. |
| diffusion | Diffusion occurs when particles spread. They move from a region where they are in high concentration to a region where they are in low concentration. Diffusion happens when the particles are free to move |
| osmosis | Osmosis is the movement of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane. |
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