First Aid

Frage	Antworten
3 Objectives of First Aid	1) Prevent further injury 2) infection 3) loss of life
8 Fundamental Elements of First Aid *BOBSCHEF	1) Burns 2) Obstructed Airway 3) Bleeding 4) Shock 5) Cold Weather Injury 6) Heat Related Injury 7) Electric Shock 8) Fractures
4 Methods of Controlling Bleeding	1) Direct Pressure 2) Pressure Point 3) Elevation 4) Use of Tourniquet
Def. of Pressure Point	A point where a main artery lies near the skin surface and over a bone.
11 Principal Pressure Points	1) Superficial temporal artery 2) Facial artery 3) Common carotid artery 4) Subclavian artery 5) Brachial artery (upper inner arm) 6) Brachial artery (inner elbow) 7) Radial/Ulnar artery 8) Iliac artery 9) Femoral artery 10) Popliteal artery 11) Anterior/Posterior Tibial artery
3 classifications of burns	1) First degree burn 2) Second degree burn 3) Third degree burn
Def. of First Degree Burn	Produces red, warmth and mild pain
Def. of Second Degree Burn	Red, blistered skin and severe pain
Def. of Third Degree Burn	Destroys tissue, skin, and bone in severe cases. Severe pain may be absent due to nerve ending damage.
2 Types of Fractures	1) Open/Compound Fracture 2) Closed/Simple Fracture
Def. of Open/Compound Fracture	Break in the skin with a possible bone protrusion
Def. of Closed/Simple Fracture	Broken bone without a break in the skin
Def. of Electric Shock	When a person comes into contact with an electric energy source, shock occurs
4 Indications of obstructed airway	1) Inability to talk 2) Exaggerated breathing 3) Pointing/grasping at throat 4) Turning bluish color
2 Types of Heat Related Injuries	1) Heat Exhaustion 2) Heat Stroke
Def. of Heat Exhaustion	Serious disturbance of blood flow to the brain, heart, and lungs
Symptoms of Heat Exhaustion	Skin: cool, moist, and clammy Pupil: dilated Body Temp: normal and or high Victim is...: sweating profusely
Def. of Heat Stroke	Very serious condition caused by the breakdown of the body's sweating mechanism
Symptoms of Heat Stroke	Skin: hot and/or dry Pupils: uneven pupil dilation Pulse: weak, rapid Victim is...: unable to eliminate excessive body heat buildup
3 Cold Weather Injuries	1) Hypothermia 2) Superficial Frostbite 3) Deep Frostbite
Def. of Hypothermia	General cooling of the whole body due to exposure of low or rapidly falling temperatures, cold moisture, snow, or ice
Symptoms of Hypothermia	Breathing: slow or shallow Pulse: faint or even undetectable Body Tissues: feel semi-rigid Arms/Legs: may feel stiff Victim may...: pale and unconscious
Def. of Superficial Frostbite	Ice crystals forming in the upper skin in temperatures of 32 degrees or lower
Def. of Deep Frostbite	Ice crystals forming in the deeper tissues after exposure to temperature of 32 degrees or lower
6 Types of Shock	1) Cardiogenic Shock 2) Anaphylactic Shock 3) Septic Shock 4) Hypovolemic Shock 5) Electric Shock 6) Shock
Def. of Cardiogenic Shock	Heart is damaged and unable to supply sufficient blood to the body
What is an end result of a heart attack or congestive heart failure?	Cardiogenic Shock
Def. of Anaphylactic Shock	Type of severe hypersensitivity or allergic reaction.
Causes of Anaphylactic Shock	Allergy to insect stings, medicines, or foods (nuts, berries, or seafood)
Def. of Septic Shock	Bacteria multiplying in the blood and releasing toxins
Common Causes of Septic Shock	Pneumonia, intra-abdominal infections (i.e. ruptured appendix) and meningitis
Def. of Hypovolemic Shock	Severe blood and fluid loss from traumatic bodily injuries, which makes heart unable to pump enough blood to body
What causes Neurogenic Shock?	Spinal cord injury. Usually a result of traumatic accident or injury
Def. of Shock	Body suffers from insufficient blood flow throughout the body. Result of severe injury or illness.

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