Karteikarten
HSC1149 - Pharmacology for Nurse
Karten in diesem Stapel (48)
- 1Concerning side effects of Omega 3 Fatty AcidsIncreased LDL
- 2What is given to decrease cutaneous flushing?Small doses of aspirin or NSAIDs may be taken 30 minutes before niacin to minimize cutaneous flushing
- 3Why treat with Anticoagulants?1. To prevent strokes in patients with a.fib
2. To treat thrombosis in myocardial infarction (MI)
3. To prevent or treat a deep vein thombosis (DVT) or a pulmonary embolism (PE) - 4Why treat increased cholesterol?Because it increases risk of CHD(Coronary Heart Disease)
- 5Good LipoproteinHDL (High-density lipoprotein)
- 6Bad LipoproteinsVLDL (Very-low-density lipoprotein)
LDL (Low-density lipoprotein) - 7LDL Goal<100 is optimal
- 8HDL Goal (Women/Men)Women: ≥ 40
Men: ≥ 50 - 9Mechanism of Action of Statins1. Inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, which is used by the liver to produce cholesterol
2. Lower the rate of cholesterol production - 10Side effects of Statins1. Mild, transient GI disturbances
2. Rash
3. Headache
4. Myopathy (muscle pain)
5. Elevations in liver enzymes or liver disease Rhabdomyolysis (=breakdown of muscle) - 11Main adverse effect of anticoagulantsBleeding
- 12Unfractionated Heparin mechanism of actionBinds to antithrombin and increases its potency
- 13Enoxaparin (Lovenox) & Dalteparin (Fragmin) Class?Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH)
- 14Antidote for Unfractionated Heparin (UFH)Protamine Sulfate
- 15Vitamin K dependent clotting factorsII, VII, IX, X (“SN0T”)
- 16Antidote for Warfarin (Coumadin)Vitamin K
- 17Drug interactions for Coumadin1. Amiodarone (Cordarone®)
2. Levofloxacin (Levaquin®)
3. Ciprofloxacin(Cipro®)
3. Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim
4. (Bactrim®)
5. Metronidazole (Flagyl®)
6. Fluconazole (Diflucan®) - 18Dabigatran (Pradaxa) Dose150 mg PO BID or 75 mg PO BID
- 19Advantages of NOAC’s (New OralAnticoagulants)1. Do not have to monitor INR (finger stick)
2. Start working immediately (warfarin takes 5 days)
3. No interactions with food - 20What do active platelets release?1. Thromboxane A2
2. Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP) - 21Aggrenox is a combination of what two drugs?Aspirin 25mg + Dipyridamole 200mg
- 22Brilinta is recommended for what disease? Why is use an issue?1. Recommended1st Line to prevent/treat MI
2. Expense is an issue - 23Max Alteplase Dose90mg
- 24Thrombolytics treat what?Only used to treat thrombotic events, never used for prophylaxis
- 25Unfractionated Loading/Maintenance Heparin Doses for PELoading Dose - 80 units/kg
(in test question pt is 70kg = dose of 5,600 unit)
Maintenance Dose - 18 units/kg
(in test question pt is 90kg = dose of 1,620 units) - 26What contributes to BP?1. CO = cardiac output
2. SVR = systemic vascular resistance - 27Typical cutoff that defines HypertensionSystolic <120
Diastolic < 80 - 28Nonpharmaceutical treatments for HTN1. Diet & Exercise
2. Reduce sodium intake
3. Limit alcohol consumption
4. Smoking cessation - 29Clonidine (Catapres) side effects1. Dizziness
2. Drowsiness - 30Generic Name for CarduraDoxazosin
- 31One method to combat orthostatic HTNGo from lying to sitting position slowly
- 32Generic Name for InderalPropranolol
- 33Beta-Blockers to avoid in Asthma/COPDNonselective
- 34Lisinoprol Drug ClassAngiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitor
- 35ACE Inhibitors (“prils”) side effectCough
- 36Mechanism of action of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB’s)Cause smooth muscle relaxation by blocking the binding of calcium to its receptors, preventing muscle contraction
- 37Norvasc Drug ClassCalcium-Channel Blockers (CCB’s)
- 38Cardizem indicated for what disease?Hypertension
- 39Spironolactone side effectIncreases serum K+
- 40Hydralazine Drug ClassVasodilator
- 41Stable angina is also called ______________Classic or Effort Angina
- 42Goal of Antianginal treatmentTo increase blood flow to ischemic heart muscle & decrease myocardial oxygen demand
- 43Nitroglycerin - when do you call 911?Call 911 after giving ONE dose
- 44Nitroglycerin Side EffectHeadache
- 45Mechanism of action of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB’s)1. Relaxes of coronary vascular smooth muscle
2. Cause peripheral arterial vasodilation
3. Reduce myocardial contractility - 3. Negative inotropic action
Result: decreased myocardial oxygen demand - 46For patients on Antianginal Meds – nurse should perform the following (TEST ANSWER = ALL OF THE ABOVE)1. Before administering, perform a complete health history to determine presence of conditions that may be contraindications for use or call for cautious use
2. Obtain baseline VS, including respiratory patterns and rate
3. Assess for drug interactions
4. Patients should not take any medications, including OTC medications, without checking with the physician
5. Teach patients to change positions slowly to avoid postural BP changes Keep records of anginal attacks including - precipitating factors, number of pills taken, and therapeutic effects - 47Difference between hypertensive emergency vs. hypertensive urgency depends on presence of symptoms [Questions on test will be (True/False)]Presence of symptoms = hypertensive emergency
[Organ damage is apparent in hypertensive emergency – TRUE]
No symptoms = hypertensive urgency
[Organ damage is apparent in hypertensive urgency – FALSE] - 48Trick question?? Rocephin:1. Is not renally eliminated (eliminates hepatically)
2. Can be given IM or IV - TRUE
3. Useless against pseudomonas - TRUE