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| Frage | Antworten |
| autografts | from patient themselves |
| allogratfts | from others |
| xenografts | from other species |
| transplantation is a form of | gene therapy |
| bone marrow transplants treat: | leukaemia AIDS; hereditary defects of immune system; hereditary defect of enzymes; aplastic anemia; thalassemia |
| bone marrow transplant procedure | 1.destroy marrow with rad/chemo; 2. replace with donated or prev frozen cells in remission |
| stem cells | found in peripheral blood at lower rate; can be stimulated to migrate with drugs |
| 50 ml cord blood= | same amt marrow for stem cells but better as low antigens expressed |
| cord blood disadvantages | HTA regulations making use difficult |
| advantages of organ transplant | offers a CURE; gene therapy in disguise replacing bad genes with good ones; genes come with all control mechanisms; organ not damaged |
| disadvantages of organ transplants | supply; HLA matching; rejection; surgical procedure; monitioring/drugs forever; infections from donor; cancer from organ; costs |
| best (theoretical)animal donors would be | primates BUT: emotive, some endangered, diseases, blood group % issues, organ size issues |
| pigs as donors | organs similar size: HAR; |
| HAR-hyperacute rejection | death by complement cascade |
| xenoreactive natural antibodies (XNAs) | recognise the cells of foreign species and are present despite a lack of previous exposure |
| disadvantages of xenotransplantation | religious views; animal rights activists; xenozoonoses; ? organs respond to human hormones |
| xenozoonoses | pigs carry retroviruses that can infect humans |
| advantages of animal transplants | no donor shortage; no patient lottery; no buying/selling or organs; organs may have differnt immunity |
| ethical questions to consider | what is successful outcome? When do you stop? what justifies more transplants? |
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