6009819
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Karteikarten von Chelsi Souch, aktualisiert more than 1 year ago
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Erstellt von Chelsi Souch
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| Sunlight is a type of energy called... | radiation – or electromagnetic energy. • The full range of radiation is called the electro-magnetic spectrum |
| Chloroplasts absorb | select wavelengths of light that drive photosynthesis. |
| Chloroplasts contain several pigments: | - Chlorophyll a – Chlorophyll b – Carotenoids Chlorophyll molecules absorb photons (LIGHT) – Electrons in the pigment gain energy – The energy is released and used. |
| THE CHLOROPHYLL MOLECULE | Consists of a porphyrine ring and a long chain hydrophobic phytol tail which keep the chlorophyll molecules embedded in the chloroplast membrane (remember hydrophobic hydrophobic interactions) |
| What is A photosystem? | organized group of chlorophyll and other molecules such as proteins. – Is a light-gathering antenna. |
| Role of Products Light Reaction in the Calvin Cycle (Dark reaction) | • The Light Reactions: Converting Solar Energy to Chemical Energy • The Calvin Cycle: Making Sugar from Carbon Dioxide using the products of the light reactions |
| Photosynthetic electron transport chain | • Takes place on the thylakoid membrane. • Connects the two photo systems. • Releases energy via chemiosmosis that the chloroplast uses to make ATP. • Produce reducing power in the form of NADPH •Oxygen is a byproduct |
| Compare the Two Types of Electron Transport Chains | |
| The Calvin Cycle: Making Sugar from CO2 | Calvin cycle (“Dark Reaction”) • Functions like a sugar factory within a chloroplast • Regenerates the starting material with each turn. • Ribulose bisphosphate (5C) receives 1C from the CO2 and make 2 of 3C compound. • This reaction is catalyzed by the most abundant enzyme on earth, Rubisco: Ribulose bis phosphate carboxylase-oxygenase. • First stable product in Calvin cycle is a 3C compound, 3 phosphoglycerate (3 PGA), is also a product in Glycolysis. |
| THE CALVIN CYCLE: OVERVIEW | LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTIONS (OCCUR IN STROMA Of CHLOROPLAST) Main enzyme involved: RuBPcarboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco) is the most abundant enzyme in the world |
| C3 plants | Calvin cycle describes what happens in C3 plants (first stable product of CO2 fixation is a 3 C compound Stomata are open during day time. •Use CO2 directly from the air. • Are very common and widely distributed •Most mesophytic (living in moderate environment) plants are C3 plants • (ex. Wheat, Rice, Coconut, Maple) |
| Water-Saving Adaptations of C4 and CAM Plants | CAM plants (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) ex. Pine apple, Aloe, Jade plant, Calanchoe • Open their stomata only at night to conserve water • Fixes CO2 using PEP carboxylase at night and store as PEP • During day time releases CO2 while stomata are closed • Calvin cycle fixes this CO2 |
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