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| Frage | Antworten |
| Limits in certain states on amount of time previous to abuse and memory slippage | 3 years - California |
| Interpretation of Dreams published in | 1900 |
| Followers of Freud in 1902 | Alfred adler, Jung |
| 1908 freud created the | Psychoanalytic society of Vienna |
| 1910 | International Psychoanalytic Association |
| 1938 | Germany invasion, flew to London w/ family not long after, did not believe he should fear them |
| psychic energy | source of energy that is w/in everyone, like a wellspring of motivation |
| instincts | source of psychic energy, strong innate forces that provide all energy in psychic system |
| Freuds: instincts theory was based on 2 evolutionary theories | 1) self-preservation 2) sexual instincts |
| sexual instincts & self-preservation become | Life instincts (libido) |
| watching WWI gave birth to the notion of... | death instinct (thanatos) |
| Libido/ life instincts | need-satisfying, life-sustaining, pleasure-orientated |
| Thanatos/ Death instinct | urge to destroy, harm, or aggress against others and self |
| conscious | part of self that contains all thoughts, feelings, perceptions that you are presently aware of |
| preconscious | info w/h is stored, & can easily be retrieved and made conscious |
| unconscious | unacceptable information, hidden from consciousness so well we are unaware, |
| nothing happens by chance of accident | every reaction, reason, act, feeling, thought have a hidden motive/ reason |
| Talking therapy began w/ | Anna O. |
| hysteric symptoms occurred from | physical expression of repressed traumatic experiences, need emotional catharsis to release |
| freud gives credit to | Dr. Joseph Breuer |
| blind-sight 1960s | ppl who are suffering from cortical blindness, often able to make judgments about objects that they believe they cannot see |
| reasons for blind-sight | optic nerve carries info to brain, transferred to primary visual center in striate cortex; the split b/w optic center and recognition center in optic nerve gives patient ability to see even thought seeing. |
| deliberation-without-awareness | person can put something out of mind for a time, while the unconscious mind will continue to deliberate giving sudden feelings of knowing or arriving to a conclusion |
| id | source of drives and urges, let off all internal pressure |
| pleasure principle | desire for immediate gratification |
| primary process thinking | thinking w/out logical rules of conscious thought or anchor in reality |
| wish fulfillment | something unavailable is conjured up and image causes temporary satisfaction |
| ego | constrains the id to reality, redirects internal pressure |
| reality principle ego | ego understands urges of id, often in conflict w/ social & physical reality |
| direct expression (DE) | in reality principle, ego uses DE to avoid, redirect, postpone id impulses |
| secondary process thinking | development of strategies for solving problems & obtaining satisfaction |
| superego | part of mind that internalizes values, morals, ideals of society: socialization, ID w/ parents, wants to keep all values closed |
| superego instills | guilt, shame, embarrassment |
| superego principles | moral goals, ideals of perfection, source of judgment for good & bad, conscious, enforcing right & wrong, can be unrealistic and harsh |
| mind is a | closed energy system: more energy used for one self control activity less for other |
| ego depletion | exertion of self control in face of temptation, leading a person to give up sooner |
| Baumeister muscle control metaphor | if self control is used more it is a stronger muscle |
| defense mechanisms | efforts to defend oneself from anxiety |
| 3 types of anxiety | 1) objective 2) neurotic 3) moral anxiety |
| Objective anxiety | fear, response to real, external threat, control of ego is being threatened by outside forces |
| neurotic anxiety | direct conflict b/w id and ego: ego may lose control over id |
| moral anxiety | conflict b/w ego and superego: chronic feelings of shame, unattainable standards, low self-esteem, feels of worthlessness: overly powerful superego |
| defense mechanisms 2 functions | 1) protect ego 2) minimize anxiety & distress |
| 7 defense mechanisms: | 1) repression 2) Denial 3) displacement 4) rationalization 5) reaction formation 6) projection 7) sublimation |
| repression | process of preventing unacceptable thoughts, feelings, urges from reaching conscious |
| denial | insists that things are not way they seem, refusing facts |
| fundamental attribution error part of denial | tendency to blame events outside one's control for failure but accept responsibility for success |
| displacement | a threatening or unacceptable impulse is channeled or redirected from its original source to nonthreatening target |
| repressors are: | verbally not worried and physically aroused/ distressed, more elaborate stories w/ less memories of good or bad |
| 2 occurrence of repression may happen: | 1) encoding stage: reaction to negative event, distorts 2) recall stage: actually repressing memory after encoding occurs |
| rationalization | generating acceptable reasons for outcomes that might otherwise appear socially unacceptable, fantasy is easier to accept than reality |
| reaction formation | flurry of Bhav that indicate opposite impulse, being overly kind to an angry person |
| projection | seeing others in traits and desires we find most upsetting in ourselves, our unacceptable selves |
| false consensus effect Ross, Greene, House | tendency may ppl have to assume that others are similar to them |
| sublimation | most adaptive, channeling of unacceptable sexual/ aggressive instincts into socially desired activities |
| psychosexual stages theory | children seek sexual gratification at each stage by investing libidinal energy in specific body parts, these stages become aspects of personality that is exhibited |
| fixation | failing to resolve a conflict w/in a stage, exhibits a less mature approach to obtaining sexual gratification |
| Oral Stage | 0-18 months, pleasure comes from things coming into contact w/ mouth, conflict from w/drawing from breast, pleasure vs. dependency, fixation of mouth leads to dependency |
| Biting at the oral stage is linked to | gain pleasure from being aggressive, hostile, quarrelsome, mocking |
| Anal Stage | 1.5-3 years, obtains pleasure from first expelling feces, during toilet training from retaining feces, self-control is develops well or into compulsive, perfect or sloppy/ dirty |
| Phallic stage | 3-5 years, he or she discovers penis, awakening of sexual desire outside |
| Phallic stage Oedipal conflict | unconscious wish to have his mother all to himself by eliminating the father |
| Phallic stage castration anxiety | fear of losing penis b/c the father wants to make a preemptive strike to rid himself of competition |
| identification Phallic stage | wanting to become like dad |
| Penis envy | Lacking a penis causes a girl to blame mother, desire father and envies him, no motivation to give up those feelings |
| Electra complex Phallic stage Jungs idea | freud rejected this idea instead believing women never succeeded in resolution of superego is never resolved causing, Jung believed women wanted to kill mother to gain fathers approval |
| Latency stage | age 6 until puberty, going to school, period of psychological rest/ latency, learning about social aspects of life |
| Genital stage | sexual awakening after puberty to adulthood, libido focuses on genitals therefore developing personality |
| Psychoanalysis | a technique for helping individuals who are experiencing a mental disorder or minor problems w/ living, reconstructing personality |
| free association | relax and saying whatever comes to mind, w/out censoring potentially important info is released, subtle signs are shown through non-verbal communication |
| Dream Analysis | uncovering unconscious material in a dream by interpreting dream`s content |
| manifest content | what the dream actually contains |
| latent content | what elements of dream represents |
| while sleeping the ego... | disguises disturbing content of our unconscious |
| symbols | need deciphering: how unacceptable impulses & urges are transformed by unconscious |
| 3 functions of dreaming | 1) wish fulfillment, desire gratification in symbolic form 2) provide a safety value by releasing unconscious tension 3) guardians of sleep, no anxiety |
| projective hypothesis | person projects personality images onto ambiguous figures |
| interpretations | patient is led to view problematic thoughts, dreams, Bhav, symptoms, feelings have expression in unconscious conflicts |
| insight | intense emotional experience that accompanies release of repressed material |
| resistance | patient typically feels threatened as unconscious material comes up, forces that have worked to repress disturbing impulses or trauma now work to resist process, will try to derail or avoid |
| transference | patient begins reacting to analyst as if an important figure in patients own life, repetition compulsion |
| 4 why is psychoanalysis important | 1) second largest school of psychological thought 2) resurgence of interest in Freudian ideas 3) popular culture has integrated w/ it 4) laid foundation for many topics and questions |
| 5 Critics of psychoanalysis | 1) does not have contemporary research 2) limited observations from narrow sources 3) Emphasis on sexual drives in childhood development is inappropriate 4) human nature is violent, self-centered, impulsive 5) Freud`s view of women |
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