Psychopathology

Frage	Antworten
phillipe pinel	study ways to improve treatment for psychiatric illness; try to figure out experience of people with psychopathic illness
mental disorder	persistent disturbance and dysfunction in behavior, thoughts, or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment
medical model	abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illnesses that, like physical illnesses, have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures
nosology	branch of medicine dealing with the classification of disease
etiology	branch of medicine dealing with the cause of a disease
treatment	cure of a disease
psychopathology	physical illness that drastically impairs normal cognitive functions
neuropsychology vs. psychopathology	branch of psychological science that examines how overt brain injury affects cognition vs. branch of psychological science that examines how covert brain injury affects cognition
diathesis-stress model	innate genetic vulnerability that people are carrying can be induced by environmental stress and give rise to physical illness
signs	objectively observed indicators of a disorder
symptoms	subjectively reported behaviors, thoughts, and emotions
disorder	common set of signs/symptoms
disease	pathological process affecting body
diagnosis	determination as to whether a disorder or disease is present
problems with psychopathological classification	classification of basis of symptoms continual vs. discrete nature of psychopathology (arbitrariness in considering what is clinically significant) comorbidity (people have more than 1 illness) ethnic/cultural considerations
medical student syndrome	condition where medical students perceive themselves to be experiencing the symptoms of a disease they are studying
anxiety disorder	anxiety is the primary and dominant feature
generalized anxiety disorder	excessive anxiety and worry occurring more days than not for at least 6 months
panic disorder	panic attacks, feel out of control, fear of panic attacks, fear of dying
phobia	fear that is excessive or unreasonable, cued by presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation; treatment through habituation
preparedness theory	development of phobias related to our own survival
obsessive-compulsive disorder	intrusive thoughts/images that person struggles to get out of mind (obsessions) leads to behaviors or thoughts designed to reduce anxiety (compulsions)
post traumatic stress disorder	persistent re-experiencing of a traumatic event; avoidance of stimuli associated with trauma and numbing of general responsiveness; increased arousal
mood disorder: major depressive disorder	sad mood everyday for most of the day, loss of interest in normal pleasures, difficulty sleeping
kindling hypothesis	first depression episode changes brain chemistry, makes others more likely
bipolar disorder	fluctuations in mood, going from mania (major increase in activity, talkativeness, inflated self esteem, insomnia) to depression
schizophrenia (split from reality)	positive symptoms = delusions (grandeur, persecution, external agency), hallucinations, disorganized thought/speech, inappropriate affect negative symptoms = motivation, social engagement, speech, concentration
schizophrenia: diathesis-stress	diathesis: heritability, prenatal trauma stress: social isolation family dynamics substance use
pharmacology	treats brain directly (drugs)
therapy	treats cognitions (thoughts) and behavior
SSRI	selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors; good for depression and anxiety disorders
treatment	cognitive behavioral for depression medication for bipolar disorder
nonspecific factors	unrelated to specific principles but critical to outcome support, hope
psychopharmocology	study of drug effects on psychological states and symptoms
cognitive-behavioral therapy	blend of cognitive and behavioral therapeutic strategies; acknowledges that there are many behaviors that people cannot control through rational thought but also that there may ways of helping people think more rationally when thought does play a role

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	Erstellt von Sneha Mittal vor etwa 8 Jahre