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| Frage | Antworten |
| Nucleus | The structure that controls and directs the activities of the cell. |
| Metabolism | Integrated network of all the biochemical reactions of life. |
| The cell membrane is also known as the... | ..plasma membrane and is a barrier controlling exit and entry to and from the cytoplasm. |
| What is the storage carbohydrate in plant and animal cells? | Plant cells - Starch Animal Cells - Glycogen |
| Define Chromatid, Chromosome and Chromatin | Chromatid - One of two copies of a chromosome after it has replicated. Chromosomes - Long threads of DNA which are linear sequences of genes packaged with protein. Chromatin - A nuclear protein material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell during interphase. |
| Gene | A specific length of the DNA double helix which codes for a protein. |
| The potential of each cell to specialise in any number of different ways is called.. | Totipotency |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Diffusion across membranes facilitated by molecules in the membrane. |
| Give an example of facilitated diffusion. | In mitochondria, the movement of ADP into and the exit of ATP from it. |
| Give 3 examples of active transport. | In the gut where absorption occurs; Active uptake of ions by plant roots; In nerve fibres where an impulse is propagated. |
| Name 4 differences between lipids & Carbohydrates. | Lipids: More energy per gram; more metabolic water produced on oxidation; insoluble; not quickly 'digested'. Carbohydrates: Less energy per gram; produce less metabolic water; highly soluble; easily hydrolysed. |
| Name 4 roles of fats and oils. | 1. Energy store & metabolic water source; 2. Subcutaneous fat as a buoyancy aid & thermal insulation; 3. Water-proofing of hair and feathers; 4. Electrical insulation. |
| How do proteins differ from carbohydrates? | They contain nitrogen (and sometimes sulphur) as well as oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. |
| Name 3 factors that affect the rate of enzyme-catalysed reactions. | pH / Temperature / Substrate Concentration. |
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