Social Class Identity key concepts

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Stratification	The division of a society into hierarchical ordered layers or strata with the most privileged at the top and least favoured at the bottom. The system of stratification currently existing in our capitalist society based on class
The Registrar General's scale	Descriptive approach to measuring social class, used from 1911-1990's based on occupational skill. Top jobs include doctors and solicitors
Th NSSEC	National Statics social economic classification, descriptive approach based on occupations according to their similarity of qualifications training skills and experience used from 1997
Objective Definitions of class	People based in a social class by using a scale or measurement device
Subjective Definitions of class	Where people place themselves and how they define themselves
Ascribed status	Position born into e.g member of the royal family
Achieved status	Position a person has worked to get e.g teacher
Traditional Working Class	Jobs based in manual and unskilled labour. Traditional gender roles within the family. Politically strong links with the Labour party and trade unions
New Working Class	Employment based on the service sector and flexible occupations. Increasing affluence/ consumption
Under Class	Described as lazy, workshy and criminal. This group are also seen as dependent on benefits (welfare state)
Middle Class	Usually university educated. Likely to be skilled workers and own their own homes.
Traditional Upper Class	Aristocracy, ascribed status, economic, social and cultural capital. Concentration of wealth and culture of privilege
Super Rich	Jet Set Pop Aristocracy. Entrepreneurial rich. Achieved status, economic capital and social capital
Entrepreneurial Rich	Have earned money through business enterprise (Alan Sugar)
Jet Set Pop Aristocracy	Have earned money through sport, media and entertainment (Wayne Rooney and Katie Price)
Marginalised	An individual or a group are systematically blocked from various rights opportunities and resources. Which are fundamental to social integration ie housing, employment and due process
Immediate Gratification	Associated with traditional working class, a live for the moment attitude where individuals are unwilling to sacrifice anything for a better future
Deferred Gratification	When individuals are willing to sacrifice now for benefit in the future e.g working hard in education in order to be more socially mobile. The middle class and New Working Class are more likely to possess these characteristics
Instrumental Attitudes	An attitude that wages/money are the most important aspects of work
Meritocratic	A social system in which rewards are allocated on the basis of merit or ability
Social Mobility	Movement of groups or individuals up and down the social hierarchy
Popular culture	Opposite of high culture. Associated with shallow activities that can be accessed by the masses through the media
Capitalism	An economic and political systems in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit rather than by the state
Crisis of Masculinity	When men, who cannot perform traditional manual jobs due to the decrease in availability, feel emasculated
Child Centerdness	When the focus of the family is on the child. The child holds a lot of influence. Normally found in middle class families
Cultural Capital	Norms, values, knowledge, language and attitudes which give middle and upper class students an inbuilt advantage in education
Social Capital	Networking and socialising with others in a similar economic position to advantage them
Economic capital	The amount of money/ material goods that a person/group possesses
Yummy Mummy	Defined by peer approval on maternal capabilities, glamour and the 'style' of their children
Conspicuous Consumption	Using what you buy/consume to create an identity for ones self
Social closure	The Upper class practice this. Preventing outsiders form joining in their lifestyle and culture of that class
Old Boy Network	Networks of contacts used to further each others careers and influence. Networks formed with people sharing similar cultural characteristics often formed at school
High Culture	Linked to the elite, upper class society. Need to be economically and socially connected to access it

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