Waves

Frage	Antworten
Electromagnetic waves	Vibrating electric and magnetic fields that progress through space without the need for substance
Longitudinal waves	Waves in which the direction of the vibration of the particles are parallel to the direction in which the wave travels
Transverse waves	Waves in which the direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels
Displacement	A vibrating particles distance and direction from its equilibrium position
Amplitude	Maximum displacement of a vibrating particle. In transverse waves it is the height of a wave crest or depth of a wave trough from the middle
Wavelength	Distance between adjacent crests
One complete cycle of a wave	From one wave peak to the next
Period	Time for one complete wave to pass a fixed point
Frequency	Number of complete waves passing a point per second. Unit: Hertz (Hz)
Phase difference	The fraction of a cycle between the vibration of two particles, measured in either degrees or radians
Wavefronts	Waves that are observed in a ripple tank
Reflection	Straight waves directed at a certain angle to a hard flat surface reflect off at the same angle
Refraction	When waves pass across a boundary at which the wave speed changes, the wavelength also changes. If the wave fronts are at a non-zero angle to the boundary, they change direction as well as changing speed
Diffraction	Waves spread out after passing through a gap or round an object. The narrower the gap or the longer the wavelength, the more the wave spread out
Principle of superposition	When two waves meet, the total displacement at a point is equal to the sum of the individual displacements at that point
Supercrest	When a crest meets a crest, the two waves reinforce each other
Supertrough	Where a trough meets a trough and they reinforce each other
When a trough meets a crest	Resultant displacement is zero; the two waves cancel each other out
Stationary waves	Formed on a rope if two people send waves continuously along the rope from either end, the ends are fixed points
Progressive waves	The sets of waves sent to form a stationary wave
Nodes	Points of no displacement
Interference	The effect of waves constantly passing through each other creating cancellation and reinforcement
Pitch	Corresponds to frequency. Raising the tension or shortening the length (of a string on a guitar) increases the pitch, lowering the tension or increasing the length lowers the pitch

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