stress as a psychobiological process terms

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stress	a state of physiological and psychological arousal produced by internal or external stressors that are perceived by the individual as challenging or exceeding their ability to cope
stressor	any stimuli that produces stress or interferes with our ability to cope
eustress	a positive psychological response to a stressor, as indicated by the presence of positive psychological states such as feeling excited.
distress	a negative psychological response to a stressor, as indicated by the presence of negative psychological states such as anger.
daily pressures	A type of stressor involving little problems of everyday living that are irritants.
life event	A type of stressor in everyday life involving a change that forces us to adapt to new circumstances
acculturative stress	the stress people experience in trying to adapt to a new culture when living in it for a considerable amount of time.
major stressor	a type of stressor involving an event that is extraordinarily stressful or disturbing for almost everyone who experiences it
catastrophe	an unpredictable event that causes widespread damage or suffering. As a stressor, the event is one that majority of people involved would interpret as being stressful.
fight-flight-freeze response	an involuntary, physical response to a sudden and immediate threat in readiness to confront it (fight), run away from it to safely (flight) or keep absolutely still and silent (freeze).
General Adaptation Syndrome	a three-stage physiological response to a stressor involving alarm reaction, resistance and exhaustion.
cortisol	a hormone secreted from the adrenal cortex to primarily energise the body in response to a stressor.
stage 1: Alarm reaction	the first stage of General Adaptation Syndrome in which the body goes into a temporary state of shock, then rebounds (countershock), following initial exposure to a stressor.
stage 2: resistance stage	The second stage of the General Adaptation Syndrome, when the body's resistance to the particular stressor develops and rises above its normal levels.
stage 3: exhaustion	The third stage of General Adaptation Syndrome when the body can no longer sustain resistance and the effects of a stressor can no longer be dealt with, resulting in the organism becoming weak and more vulnerable to physical and mental disorders.
transaction model of stress and coping	proposes that stress involved an encounter between an individual and their external environment, and that a stress response depends upon the individuals interpretation of the stressor and their ability to cope with it
appraisal	ones subjective interpretation or evaluation of a situation, either consciously or unconsciously
primary appraisal	an evaluation of the significance of a potential stressor resulting in a decision that is either irrelevant, benign-positive or stressful
secondary appraisal	an evaluation of our coping options and resources to deal with the stressful situation
coping	in relation to stress management, attempting to manage the demands of a stressor in some effective way.
coping strategy	a specific method, behavioural or psychological, that people use to manage or reduce the stress produced by a stressor
coping flexibility	refers to the ability to effectively adjust one's coping strategies according to the demands of different stressful situations
exercise	physical activity that is usually planned and performed to improve or maintain one's physical condition, and which may also be useful for stress management or as a relaxation technique.
Approach coping strategies	involve efforts to confront a stressor and deal directly with it and its effects
avoidant coping strategies	involves efforts that evade a stressor and deal indirectly with it and its effects.
fight flight reactions	actions initiated by the sympathetic nervous system that prepare the body to fight off a threat or escape from it
problem focused coping	Involves efforts to manage or change the stressor
emotional focused coping	Involves efforts to deal with our emotional response to the stressor
context specific effectiveness	in relation to coping with stress, when there is a match or 'good fit' between the coping strategy that is used and the stressful situation

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stress as a psychobiological process terms

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	Erstellt von Bonnie McDonald vor mehr als 7 Jahre