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| Frage | Antworten |
| When mixed with water all acids release what? | Hydrogen ions - H+ |
| When bases mix with water what happens? | They grab hydrogen ions - H+ |
| Acids are proton what? | Donors |
| Bases are proton what? | Acceptors |
| Write the equation for sulfuric acid mixing with water? | H2SO4 + H2O --> 2H+ + SO4(2-) |
| Write the equation for hydrochloric acid mixing with water? | HCl + H2O --> H+ + Cl- |
| What do you get if an acid is mixed with water and the hydrogen ions are replaced by metal ions or ammonium ions? | A salt. |
| Different acids produce different salts, Name the salts produced by sulphuric acid hydrochloric acid and nitric acid? | Sulphates, chlorides and nitrates |
| What happens when acids react with bases? | They neutralise each other |
| What is an alkali? | A base that dissolves in water |
| Name the three most common bases? | Metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia. |
| What are the two main alkalis? | Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide |
| When alkalis are mixed with water what do they release? | OH- ions |
| What combines to cause neutralisation when acids are added to alkalis? | The OH- ions join with the H+ ions producing water molecules. |
| A metal oxide + an acid produces what? | A salt and water |
| Write the normal equation and the ionic equation for magnesium oxide being mixed with hydrochloric acid? | MgO + 2HCl --> MgCl + H2O O2- + 2H+ --> H2O |
| What is produced when a metal hydroxide mixes with an acid? | Salt and water |
| Write the normal equation and the ionic equation for potassium hydroxide mixing with hydrochloric acid? | KOH + HCl --> KCl + H2O OH- + H+ --> H2O |
| Name the main base used? | Ammonia NH3 |
| Is aqueous ammonia an acid, base or alkali? | An alkali |
| What can then form when aqueous ammonia accepts a proton from an acid to form an ammonium ion? | Ammonium salt |
| Write two equations for ammonia reacting with nitric acid and sulphuric acid? | NH3 + HNO3 --> NH4NO3 2NH3 + H2SO4 --> (NH4)2SO4 |
| What is the ionic equation for ammonia reacting with an acid? | NH3 + H+ --> NH4+ |
| What is produced when a metal reacts with an acid? | And metal salt and hydrogen |
| Write the normal and ionic equation for magnesium reacting with sulphuric acid? | Mg + H2SO4 --> MgSO4 + H2 Mg + 2H+ --> Mg2+ + H2 |
| What is produced when a metal carbonate reacts with an acid? | A metal salt, carbon dioxide and water |
| Write the normal and ionic equation for sodium carbonate reacting with hydrochloric acid? | Na2CO3 + 2HCl --> 2NaCl + CO2 + H2O CO3(2-) + 2H+ --> CO2+ H2O |
| What are the two types of salt? | Anhydrous or hydrated |
| What is water of crystallisation? | The water in a lattice. |
| What type of salt is a solid salt containing water of crystallisation? | A hydrated salt |
| Does and Anhydrous salt contain water of crystallisation? | No |
| How many moles of water of crystallisation does one mole of a particular hydrated salt have? | It's formula will tell you (it's always a whole number) |
| What happens when hydrated salts lose their water Crystallisation when heated | They become anhydrous |
| Solve: Heating 3.210g of hydrated magnesium sulfate, MgSO4 . XH2O, forms 1.567g of anhydrous magnesium sulfate. Find the value of x and write the formula of the hydrated salt. | First, find the mass of water lost: 3.210-1.567 = 1.643g Moles= mass/molar mass 1.643g/18= 0.0913moles Molar mass of MgSO4=120gmol-1 Moles= 1.567/120=0.0131moles 0.0131moles of salt:0.0913moles of water 0.0131/0.0131=1 mole of salt. 0.0913/0.0131= 6.97moles of water Since X must be a whole number you can round your result to 7 The formula = MgSO4 . 7H2O |
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