7. The Age of Jefferson (1800-1816)

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Thomas Jefferson	Democratic-Republican, Third president, came after John Adams. His presidency was achieved in the peaceful revolution of 1800 and he called for Americans to unite.
Louisiana Purchase	A deal for 15 Million $ made with France, whereby America got access to the Mississippi, New Orleans and Louisiana territory, more than doubling its territory.
War Hawks	Young western representatives in the congress who urged Madison to go into war against Britain.
Henry Clay	A War Hawk that insisted that it is imperative to go into war with Britain.
John C. Calhoun	A War Hawk that insisted that it is imperative to go into war with Britain.
Tecumseh	An Indian chief who tried to unite the Indian tribes of Mississippi river. They were defeated in a war against the Americans in the Battle of Tippecanoe (1811).
William Henry Harrison	Fought Tecumseh and put an end to the attempts to form a confederacy.
Quids	Fundamentalist democratic-republicans. They held dearly the promise to strictly interpret the constitution, preventing the government from having powers not assigned to it explicitly. They were critical of Jefferson's government (eg. the declaration of war by Madison).
John Marshall	A federalist judge who had strong influence even under the Democratic-Republicans.
Judicial Review	When the Judicial Branch can stop legislative and executive actions that it deems unconstitutional.
Marbury Vs. Madison	Jefferson tried to block and remove the federalist judges appointed earlier. His secretary of state, Madison, refused to hand judges their commissions. Marbury appealed to court, where Marshall acted wisely: he ruled that Marbury is right according to law, but that the law (judiciary act of 1789) itself is unconstitutional, thereby canceling it. It was a precedent of judicial review.
Aaron Burr	Bitter from not being nominated for secretary of state (under Madison) for a second term, he started making trouble. First, in the Federalist Conspiracy, he tried to make New England states secede from the USA, challenged Hamilton to a duel and killed him. Later he tried to unite Mexico and Louisiana under his rule, when he was put on trial for treason. He was acquitted because the judge was anti-Jefferson-ic Marshall.
Hartford Convention	Where New England states decided not to secede from the USA because of the war but offered a 2\3 majority law on going into war. (1814)
Toussaint Louverture	Led a revolution in Santo Domingo against France, forming one of the two reasons France chose to remove its concentration from America (the other one being a war with France). This led to the Louisiana Purchase.
Barbary Pirates	In the times of Jefferson, they were pirates that seized ships off the northwest coast of Africa.
Impressment	British impressed (forced) American sailors to join the British army.
Chesapeake-Leopard Affair	British warship Leopard attacked the American ship Chesapeake off the coast of Virginia, rising lots of anti-British feelings in the US.
Embargo Act	An act that Jefferson made to hurt the British economy, since its largest trade partner was the US. It forbade trade with any foreign country. It backfired and severely damaged the American economy, and Jefferson repealed it before leaving office. (1807)
James Madison	Jefferson's secretary, and the president after him, for two terms as well. He entered a war with the British, achieving no early goal, yet causing various effects. He was considered very smart yet he was un-charismatic.
Non-intercourse Act	Jefferson's embargo lifted, and left only on trade with Britain and Spain. (1809)
Macon's Bill No. 2	An extension to the Non-intercourse act which allowed trade with France/Britain if they stop their hostile naval activity.
War of 1812	The war with England under Madison.
Old Ironsides	The American navy.
Battle of lake Erie	A successful naval battle (1813)
Oliver Hazard Perry	The captain who won the battle on lake Erie and said "We have met the enemy and they are ours".
Battle of Thames River	A battle where Tecumseh was killed.
Thomas Macdonough	Won the battle with the British fleet on Lake Champlain, making the British retreat and abandon their plan to invade New York and New England.
Andrew Jackson	Led a successful fight against the British in Horseshoe bend, where he ended the power of the Creek nation who aided the British. He also led the battle of New Orleans
Battle of New Orleans	A successful and unnecessary battle where Americans defended New Orleans. It came before it was known that the Treaty of Ghent was signed.
Treaty of Ghent	Ended the fighting between America and Britain, recognizing the previous borders and not doing anything about the grievances which led to the war. (Christmas eve, 1814)
Lewis and Clark expedition	An expedition sent after Louisiana was bought and it brought a lot of important information.
The Star-Spangled Banner	The anthem of the USA, written by Francis Scott Key. It tells the story of Fort McHenry which held under a whole night's bombardment from the British, whereby they protected Baltimore.

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7. The Age of Jefferson (1800-1816)

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	Erstellt von Moshe Polak vor fast 8 Jahre