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| Frage | Antworten |
| 3.2 Organic compound | compounds containing carbon that are found in living organisms (except hydrogen carbonates, carbonates, and oxides of carbon) |
| 3.2 Inorganic compound | compounds not containing carbon, plus hydrogen carbonates, carbonates and oxides of carbon |
| 5.1 Autotroph | an organism that synthesizes its organic molecules from simple inorganic substances |
| 5.1 Heterotroph | an organism that obtains organic molecules from other organisms |
| 5.1 Consumer | an organism that ingests other organic matter that is living or recently killed |
| 5.1 Detritivore | an organism that ingests non-living organic matter |
| 5.1 Saprotroph | an organism that lives on or in non-living organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the products of digestion |
| 6.1 Absorption | process by which the soluble products of digestion are taken up by gut epithelial cells and transferred to the bloodstream |
| 6.1 Assimilation | process by which soluble products of digestion are transported to tissues and absorbed into cells for use by tissues |
| 6.3 Antigens | a molecule on the surface of a cell, a virus particle, or protein that triggers production of antibodies |
| 6.3 Antibodies | proteins secreted from lymphocytes that destroy pathogens and antigens |
| 6.4 Ventilation | the flow of air in and out of the alveoli; inspiration and expiration |
| 6.4 Gas exchange | diffusion of gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide; occurs in alveoli and capillary beds of tissues |
| 6.5 Type 1 Diabetes | auto-immune disease in which the beta-cells of the pancreas are destroyed, and individuals cannot produce insulin |
| 6.5 Type II Diabetes | acquired disease in which liver cells have reduced sensitivity to insulin |
| A.1 Minerals | micronutrients that are inorganic ions, found in soil, water and food |
| A.1 Vitamins | micronutrients that are organic compounds, made by plants or animals |
| A.2 Underweight | an individual with BMI <18.5 |
| A.2 Normal Weight | an individual with 18.5<BMI<24.9 |
| Overweight | an individual with BMI>30.0 |
| D.3 Genetic evolution | genetic changes that have occurred during the evolution of hominids (eg. increased brain size, spine shape, position of knee) |
| D.3 Cultural evolution | changing of ideas held and actions carried out by societies and the transmission of these ideas through social learning from one generation to the next (eg. use of fire, agriculture, tools, weapons, religion, beliefs) |
| 2.4 Diffusion | the passive movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
| 2.4 Osmosis | the passive movement of water molecules, across a partially permeable membrane, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration |
| 3.6 Enzyme | a globular protein which acts as a biological catalyst to a specific biochemical reaction |
| 3.6 Active site | the position on the enzyme occupied by the substrate |
| 3.6 Denaturation | a structural change in a protein that results in the loss (usually permanent) of its biological properties (eg. heat and pH) |
| 3.7 Cell respiration | the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP |
| 4.1 Gene | a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic |
| 4.1 Allele | one specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene |
| 4.1 Genome | the whole of the genetic information of an organism |
| 4.1 Gene mutation | a change in the base sequence of an allele |
| 4.2 Homologous | pairs of chromosomes of the same length and shape, that carry the same genes at the same loci |
| 4.3 Genotype | the alleles of an organism |
| 4.3 Phenotype | the characteristics of an organism |
| 4.3 Dominant allele | an allele that has the same effect on the phenotype whether it is present in the homozygous or the heterozygous state |
| 4.3 Recessive allele | an allele that only has an effect on the phenotype when present in the homozygous state |
| 4.3 Codominant alleles | pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype when present in a heterozygote |
| 4.3 Locus | the particular position on homologous chromosomes of a gene |
| 4.3 Homozygous | having two identical alleles of a gene |
| 4.3 Heterozygous | having two different alleles of a gene |
| 4.3 Carrier | an individual that has one copy of a recessive allele that causes a genetic disease in individuals that are homozygous for this allele |
| 4.3 Test cross | testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive |
| 4.3 Sex linkage | a gene whose locus is on one of the sex chromosomes, usually the X-chromosome (in humans) |
| 4.4 Clone | a group of genetically identical organisms or a group of cells derived from a single parent cell |
| 5.1 Species | a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| 5.1 Habitat | the environment in which a species normally lives or the location of a living organism |
| 5.1 Population | a group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time |
| 5.1 Community | a group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area |
| 5.1 Ecosystem | a community and its abiotic environment |
| 5.1 Ecology | the study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment |
| 5.1 Trophic level | the feeding relationship of an organism as it relates to other organisms as it relates to other organisms in a food web |
| 5.4 Evolution | the cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population |
| 6.3 Pathogen | an organism or virus that causes a disease |
| 6.5 Resting potential | the negative charge registered when the nerve is at rest and not conducting a nerve inpulse |
| 6.5 Action potential | the positive electrochemical charge generated at the nerve impulse |
| A.1 Nutrient | a chemical substance found in foods that is used in the human body |
| D.2 Allele frequency | the proportion of all copies of a gene that is made up of a particular gene variant (allele) |
| D.2 Gene pool | the total collection of different alleles in an interbreeding population |
| D.3 Half life | the time it takes for half of a radioactive isotope to decay |
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