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Erstellt von sarah.hartley
vor mehr als 11 Jahre
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Frage | Antworten |
what is a cation? | When metals lose there valance electrons to form positive ions. |
What is an Anion | When non metals gains electrons to form negative anions and fill there outer shell |
What is a covalent bond? | When two atoms SHARE a pair of valence electrons, this occurs between non-metals only. |
Covalent Compounds | When atoms of two non-metals combine a covalent compound results |
Ionic compounds are... | metals |
Covalent compounds are | non metals |
What is a pyramidal shape? | has 3 points looks like a pyramid |
Tethahedral? | Has four points looks square in shape |
Planar Angular? | straight and bent |
Angular? | Bent in shape, with many angles |
Planar? | Lays flat |
lanar | straight line |
Bent | Bent in shape |
What is cytoplasm? | The material located between the plasma membrane and the membrane. Surrounding the nucleus |
What is cytosol? | Intracellular fluid containing nutrients, ions, soluble/insoluble proteins and waste products. |
Which organelles are membranous? | ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes and mitrochondria |
which organelles are non membranous? | Cytoskeleton, microvilli, cillia, centrioles and ribosomes |
What to lysosomes do? | Intercellular digestion, cell recycling and cell destruction. |
What is autolysis? | Cell suicide, intentional cell death |
what are peroxisomes? | peroxisomes are formed via subdivision of existing chromosomes |
What is the cytoskeleton used for? | Cell shape, rigidity, strength, made of intermediate filaments and microtubles |
Microfilaments? | Smalles of cytoskeletal elements. Less than 6nm |
Microfilaments? | Smalles of cytoskeletal elements. Less than 6nm |
Microtubles? | The largest of cytoskeleton element 25nm. Cell shape, rigidity, provides anchor, major role in cell division. |
Microvilli? | Increase surface area to facilitate with the absorption of extra cellular materials. |
what are cilia? | Motile structures, moving with a beating action, anchored to the basal body. |
Flagellum/Flagella | Motile structures, whip like action. |
centrioles | are essential for movement of the chromosomes during cell division, organisation of microtubles in cytoskeleton 9 doublets, triplets of microtubles |
Does passive transport require energy? | No energy is required |
What is facilitated diffusion? | Helped by proteins, carrier proteins and channel proteins. It is still passive. |
What is osmosis? | Water diffusion, moving from a level of high water concentration to low concentration |
What does isotonic mean? | There is no net movement in or out of the cell |
What does hypertonic mean? | the cell shrinks and water leaves the cell |
What does hypotonic mean? | The cell bursts and lyses as the water enters the cell. |
What is endocytosis? | When substances enter the cell, a vesicle is formed around the substance called an endosome. Specific and non specific |
What is exocytosis? | export of excretory products. Mammary gland, production of breast milk |
What is phagocytosis? | Cell eating, solid, large particles |
What is pinocytosis? | Cell drinking of small particles or liquid. |
What is receptor mediated endocytosis? | Materials in the extra cellular fluid bind to receptors on membrane surface. |
What is apoptosis? | Programmed cell suicide |
What is mitosis? | Produces daughter cell with genetic compliment, identical to parent cell, occurs in somatic cells. |
Interphase | Is not a stage of mitosis. |
What phase of interphase does synthesis occur? | S PHASE |
What are the stages of mitosis? | Prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, telophase and anaphase |
What happens during interphase? | DNA strands are loosely coiled and chromosomes cannot be seen. |
What happens during prophase? | Chromatin in nucleus coils up and condenses in to chromosomes. |
What are chromosomes? | Identical pairs of sister chromatids joined together by the centromere. |
What is the role of centrosomes in mitosis? | Centrosomes move to poles and produce microtubles that form asters (radial arrays) and the spindle fibers. |
What happens in prometaphase? | Nuclear envelope disaggregates, spindle fibers formed. Kenetochore fibers (microtubles) bind to kinetochores in chromosomes. |
what happens in metaphase? | Chromosomes are maximally condensed, they move to the metaphase plate. Kinetochores attach to microtubles |
What happens in Anaphase? | Sister chromatids seperate to form chromosomes. Chromosomes migrate to opposite poles. Poles move apart, microtubles slide over one another, elongating spindle. |
What happens in Telophase? | Chromatin less coiled, chromosomes decondense, new nuclear envelope forms, surrounding each group of chromosomes. Nucleoulus reforms. Cytokenesis begins. |
What is cytokenisis? | Cytokenisis starts in late anaphase, actin filaments form a contractile ring that pulls plasma membrane and constricts cell. Resulting in cleavage of the cell to produce daughter cells. |
What are mixtures? | A physical combination of two or more substances. Homogenous or Heterogenous |
Number of protons= | number of electrons |
What is the atomic number equal to? | The number of protons. |
What does a mass number equal? | number of protons + number of neutrons |
What does mass number equal? | Mass number-atomic number =neutrons of an atom. |
What are the metals sitting on the heavy line on the periodic table called? | Metalloids |
What are isotopes? | Atoms of an element that have the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons. |
Number of protons= | number of electrons |
What is the electron arrangement order to remember? | 2882 |
What is an ion? | An ion is an atom that is electrically charged as a result of the loss and gain of electrons. |
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