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| Frage | Antworten |
| What did Détente mean in terms of the Cold War? | Broadly - it means a period of time in which the US and USSR attempted to reach general agreement on arms reduction and trade - also characterised by the summits and a reduction in hostile propaganda - did not try to resolve ideological difference |
| What was the start-date of Détente and why? | Nixon came to power 1969 - one of his key policies therefore it can be stated that Détente started in 69 |
| What was the key reason behind BOTH powers wanting to pursue Détente? | Wanting to avoid nuclear war - 1963-1969 USSR started to close missile gap - by 69 MAD had been established - both recognised it as essential to avoid nuclear war |
| What were the 4 main reasons behind the US pursuing Détente? | 1. Vietnam 2. Economics 3. Kissinger's realpolitik 4. Normalistation |
| In what way was Vietnam a reason for the US to pursue Détente? | Nixon's primary govt objective was to withdraw troops from Vietnam - war had weakened US moral authority and was very expensive - cost $30 billion in 1969 alone - Hoped that withdrawal could be achieved - at least in part - by Détente, as Brezhnev had been a key supported of Vietcong |
| In what way was economics a reason for the US to pursue Détente? | By 1970, the long post-war boom was coming to an end - Inflation reached 6% - Unemployment rose to roughly 5% early 70s - collapse of Bretton Woods currency system made international trade less stable - Détente offered partial solution - had potential to reduce defence spending and increase trade between the 2 |
| In what way was Kissinger's realpolitik a reason for US to pursue Détente? | D was an expression of realpolitik - focused on practical issues such as arms reduction rather than ideology - Realpolitik meant US maintained realistic goals in negotiation with USSR and China - rather than unrealistic ideological aims |
| In what way was Normalisation a reason for the US to pursue Détente? | Kissinger believed that process of negotiation could normalise relations between the two - He believed that D could created a framework around which the 2 could work - preventing any erratic behaviour on the part of the USSR |
| What were the 4 main reasons for the USSR to pursue Détente | 1. Economics 2. Nuclear Parity 3. China 4. The 3rd World |
| In what way was economics a reason for the USSR to pursue Détente? | USSR economy roughly a sixth of the size of the US's - population demanded consumer goods that Soviet economy couldn't fulfil - D allowed Soviets to ease economic problems by reducing defence spending and encouraging loans and trade with West |
| In what way was Nuclear Parity a reason for the USSR to pursue Détente? | USSR economy couldnt produce nukes as effectively as US economy - By end of 69 - US had 28200 warheads - USSR had 11000 - D offered USSR chance of achieving parity with US through arms agreements |
| In what way was China a reason for the USSR to pursue Détente? | Sino-Soviet split and Sino-US rapprochement caused politburo to fear a Sino-US anti-Soviet alliance - D was an attempt to diffuse this by creating good working relationship with US |
| In what way was the 3rd world a reason for USSR to pursue Détente? | Brezhnev was committed to extending influence in 3rd world - this risked destabilising relations with US - D was an attempt to placate US and therefore extend 3rd world influence without risking further conflict |
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