Chapter 10: Agriculture Vocabulary

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Zusammenfassung der Ressource

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Agribusiness agriculture conducted on commercial principles, especially using advanced technology.
Agriculture the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products
Cereal Grain A grass yielding grain for food
Chaff the husks of corn or other seed separated by winnowing or threshing
Combine A machine that reaps, threshes, and cleans grain while moving over a field
Commercial Agriculture is a large-scale production of crops for sale, intended for widespread distribution to wholesalers or retail outlets. In commercial farming crops such as wheat, maize, tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana, cotton are harvested and sold in the world markets
Crop a cultivated plant that is grown as food, especially a grain, fruit, or vegetable
Crop Rotation The practice of rotating use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exhausting the soil
Desertification the process by which fertile land becomes desert, typically as a result of drought, deforestation, or inappropriate agriculture
Double Cropping Harvesting twice a year from the same field. the practice of growing two or more crops in the same space during a single growing season. It is a form of polyculture.
Grain wheat or any other cultivated cereal crop used as food
Green Revolution a large increase in crop production in developing countries achieved by the use of fertilizers, pesticides, and high-yield crop varieties
Horticulture the art or practice of garden cultivation and management
Hull The outer covering of a seed
Intensive Subsistence Agriculture a form of subsistence agriculture that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yields
Milkshed is a region producing milk that may be supplied to the area of demand. It is an area geographically demarcated for the collection of milk or milk products
Paddy Malay word for wet rice, commonly but incorrectly used to describe a sawah
Pastoral Nomadism is a livelihood form that is ecologically adjusted at a particular level to the utilization of marginal resources
Pasture land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals, especially cattle or sheep
Plantation an estate on which crops such as coffee, sugar, and tobacco are cultivated by resident labor
Prime Agricultural Land is a designation assigned by U.S. Department of Agriculture defining land that has the best combination of physical and chemical characteristics for producing food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is also available for these land uses
Ranching breed (animals) on a ranch
Reaper a person or machine that harvests a crop
Ridge Tillage A type of soil conserving tillage in which the soil is formed into ridges and the seeds are planted on the tops of the ridges. The soil and the crop residue between the rows remain largely undisturbed
Sawah A flooded field for growing rice
Shifting Cultivation a form of agriculture, used especially in tropical Africa, in which an area of ground is cleared of vegetation and cultivated for a few years and then abandoned for a new area until its fertility has been naturally restored
Slash-and-Burn Agriculture Of, relating to, or denoting a method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown, typically used as a method for clearing forest land for farming
Spring Wheat A general term for wheat that is planted in the spring and harvested in summer. About half of Montana’s wheat harvest consists of spring wheat varieties
Subsistence Agriculture is self-sufficiency farming in which the farmers focus on growing enough food to feed themselves and their families. The typical subsistence farm has a range of crops and animals needed by the family to feed and clothe themselves during the year
Sustainable Agriculture is the production of food, fiber, or other plant or animal products using farming techniques that protect the environment, public health, human communities, and animal welfare
Swidden an area of land cleared for cultivation by slashing and burning vegetation
Thresh separate grain from (a plant), typically with a flail or by the action of a revolving mechanism
Transhumance the action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer
Truck Farming a farm where people grow vegetables that will be sold in markets
Wet Rice the cultivation of rice by planting on dry land, transferring the seedlings to a flooded field, and draining the field before harvesting
Winnow blow a current of air through (grain) in order to remove the chaff
Winter Wheat are strains of wheat that are planted in the autumn to germinate and develop into young plants that remain in the vegetative phase during the winter and resume growth in early spring
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