GCSE AQA Psychology Aggression

Frage	Antworten
Aggression	behaviour aimed at harming others
Hormones	Chemicals released by our endocrine system that affects how our bodies function and how we behave
Chromosomes	The part of each cell that carries the genetic information from our parents
Limbic System	The parts of the brain that is associated with instinctive behaviour e.g. aggressive behaviour
Prefrontal Cortex	The very front of the brain. It is involved in social and moral behaviour and controls aggression
Brain Disease	Damage to the brain caused by illness or trauma
Biological Explanation of Aggression	-Men have more testosterone than women: they are more aggressive -Having an extra y-chromosome can make you more violent -Brain Disease affecting either the limbic system or the prefrontal cortex may lead to high levels of aggression
Thanatos	Drive to self-destruction, however, ego defense mechanisms redirect this drive outwardly this results in aggressive behaviour
Displacement	Channelling Thanatos into being aggressive towards other people
Sublimation	Channelling our aggression into other acceptable behaviour
Ego defence mechanism	Behaviour strategies used by the individual to protect itself
Psychodynamic Theory Explanation	-Freud suggested that Thanatos would suddenly turn into aggressive behaviour -He was contradicted as aggression needs something to trigger it -This trigger is frustration
Vicarious Learning	Learning by observation
Monitoring	Judging whether our own behaviour is appropriate or not
Punishment	A stimulus that weakens behaviour because it is unpleasant and we try to avoid it.
Social Learning Theory Explanation	-Can copy role models that act aggressively -Imitates behaviour -He monitors his own behaviour (thinks it's appropriate as he has seen role models do it) -Reinforcement increases likelihood of repetition
Young et al Aim	To see what effect hormones have on aggressive behaviour
Young et al Method	He injected pregnant rhesus monkeys with testosterone, and observed the levels of aggression in their offspring as they matured
Young et al Results	The high levels of testosterone in pregnancy made the females grow up and behave like male monkeys. They engaged in rough and tumble play and challenged the males for dominance in their group
Young et al Conclusion	Testosterone plays a vital part in aggressive behaviour
Barker Aim	To see the effect of frustration on aggressive behaviour
Barker Method	Children were kept waiting for a long time before they were allowed to play in a room full of attractive toys. Their behaviour was then observed.
Barker Results	The children were more aggressive and destructive than other children who had not been frustrated by being kept waiting
Barker Conclusion	Being frustrated does lead to an increase in aggression
Bandura et al Aim	To find out if 3 to 6 year old children would imitate the aggressive behaviour they see role models performing toward an inflatable bob doll
Bandura et al Method	Researchers divided 96 children into 4 groups. 3 were shown someone kicking, punching and throwing the bobo doll. Their own behaviour was then observed
Bandura et al Results	The children who had witnessed the aggressive behaviour showed more aggressive behaviour than children who had seen none
Bandura et al Conclusion	Children will copy how they see others behave
ADHD	A disorder characterised by short attention span, poor concentration and uncontrollable aggressive outbursts
Ritalin	A drug used to control ADHD
Psychosurgery	An operation on the brain to remove or destroy the part that is causing abnormal behaiour
Catharsis	The process of getting rid of your emotions by watching people experiencing emotions
Biological treatments for aggression	-drugs like Ritalin for ADHD -Psychosurgery (insert a probe into the precise location and heat up the end to kill the nerves) - destroys part of the limbic system but is a last resort as if mistakes are made brain tissue can't grow back
Psychodynamic treatments for aggression	-Sublimation, redirecting individuals to other safe activities (e.g. football) -Catharsis, watching aggressive things gets it out of your system
Bandura Aim	To see if observing a role model being punished would reduce the chance of aggression being copied
Bandura Method	Children were shown an adult model being either punished or reinforced for behaving aggressively
Bandura Results	Those children who saw the model being punished were less aggressive than those who saw the model reinforced.
Bandura Conclusion	If children see that aggression brings a punishment they will not copy it

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GCSE AQA Psychology Aggression

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