Key concepts - ethnic Inequalities

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The key concepts from Ethnic inequalities
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Race Perceived biological or physical differences between groups e.g. skin colour
Ethnicity Cultural differences between groups e.g based on religion, language, customs, dress, food etc
Ethnic Classification system used to classify the numbers of different ethnic groups present within the population
Racism Negatively regarding a racial/ ethnic group intentionally or unintentionally
Institutional Racism When the policies, practices and procedures of an organisation discriminate against certain ethnic groups
Prejudice Holding racist beliefs, values and attitudes
Discrimination Acting on prejudices
Super Diversity Term used by Vertovec to describe the range and diversity of immigrant groups in the UK
Islamaphobia Fear, hatred and/ or distrust of Muslims
Ethnic Penalty The disadvantage faced by ethnic minorities in the labour market compared to white people of the same age
Concrete Ceiling The idea that ethnic minorities face a solid barrier which prevents them from obtaining top positions
Pay Gap The idea that ethnic minorities earn less on average than their white colleagues
Vertical Segregation Senior/ managerial positions are more likely to be filled by white British people
Horizontal segregation Different ethnic groups are concentrated in particular sectors of employment
Ethnocentric Curriculum The curriculum taught in British schools focuses on white British history, literature and culture
Asslimilation To conform, give upon own culture and values and become absorbed into the host culture
Reserve Army of Labour Spare people who are brought in when needed (war and economic growth). It encourages competition
Racialised Class fractions Ethnic minorities stress their own ethnicity by observing their cultural and religious traditions overtly
Market Situation Knowledge and skills which lead to higher wages
Work Situation Level of authority and autonomy in jobs
Dual Labour Market Two types of labour market- Primary and secondary
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