Crime studies

Frage	Antworten
Durkheim	Crime is reaction to lack of value consensus. Impossible for everyone to have same norms and values, so crime is inevitable.
Big Brother Watch	Found there were over 100,000 cameras in school. School use CCTV more than other organisation.
Jamie Bulger	2 year old that was murdered. Abducted, tortured by 2 ten year olds by Robert Thompson and Jon Venables. Both founded guilty. Released with new identities. Venables offended again.
Stanley Cohen	Mods and Rockers. Media exaggerated and created a moral panic. They were made into folk devils (demonised and labelled). Deviancy amplification is when media make moral panic worse.
Sarah Thornton	Youths enjoy moral panic as it makes them feel rebellious.
British youth	British youths are worse behaved in Europe. More likely to binge brink and take part in youth crime. 44% British teens had been involved in a fight.
Edwin Sutherland	Invented term white collar crime. Middle class commit most crime. Mainly corporate but they get away with it because status.
Frank Pearce	Marxist. Linked big business with organised crime. Corporate crime ignored by police. Fraud cost country £73 billion a year.
Herald of Free Enterprise	Case of corporate manslaughter. Jury said unlawful killing due to negligence.
Lombroso	Crime was nature. Can see criminal by features like big ears, jaws and dark skin.
Walter Miller	Make working class subcultures. Men want to be cool. This means a night out can result in crime.
Merton	People want the American dream. They cannot achieve it legitimately so turn to crime to achieve it.
Hebdige	Crime amongst the working class is a rebellion against capitalism.
Miliband	Judiciary are from same background as the ruling class. Likely to be kind to them in court.
Chambliss	Laws are made to protect property and the ruling class.
Becker	Labelling theory. Self fulfilling prophecy.
Albert Cohen	Status frustration. American value success. Don't feel successful. Make own criminal subculture with own norms and values to feel more successful.
Bourdieu	Working class less likely to go to university. Turn to crime instead.
Cloward and Ohlin	Criminal subculture - highly organised criminal gangs Conflict subculture- join different gangs to fight Retreatist subculture - drugs and alcohol
Jackson	Women acting more like men. Ladettes.
Stuart Hall	Marxist. Government create moral panic to justify harsh policing.
Paul Gilroy	Ethnic minorities over represented due to institutional racism.
Stephen Lawrence	Police criticised for how they felt with case. Macpherson report found institutionally racist.
Crime statistics	41% drop in crime between 2002 and 2012
Cicourel	Police prone to judge. Labels affect the statistics.
Charles Murray	Crime is a response to generosity of welfare state.
Lea and Young	Capitalism has helped change working class experience. True victim of working class crime is working class.
Smart	Feminist. Theories ignore women. Ignore the treatment of women in judiciary system. Ignore crime men commit against women.
Heidensohn	Women controlled as they enter adulthood. This means less likely to commit crime due to expectations at home.
Castles and Kosack	Capitalism causes racism. Ethnic minorities used to cheap labour and racism.
Victimisation	Poor are more likely to be victim of violent crime and burglary.
Chivalry factor	Women treated more gently than men in the police system.
Demonisation of women	Women are treated harsher as they go against there normal caring nature.

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